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De Bello Gallico 4.38

Winter quarters

Caesar, De Bello Gallico IV. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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4.38.1Caesar posterō diē T. Labiēnum lēgātum cum iīs legiōnibus quās ex Britanniā redūxerat in Morinōs quī rebelliōnem fēcerant mīsit.

The next day Caesar sent the legate Titus Labienus with the legions he had brought back from Britain against the Morini, who had rebelled.

4.38.2Quī cum propter siccitātēs palūdum quō sē reciperent nōn habērent, quō perfugiō superiōre annō erant ūsī, omnēs ferē in potestātem Labiēnī vēnērunt.

Since the marshes had dried out, they had nowhere to retreat to, the refuge they had used the year before, and almost all of them came into Labienus' power.

Note. quō sē reciperent: indirect question, 'where to retreat to'. quō perfugiō … erant ūsī: ūtor takes the ablative.

4.38.3At Q. Titūrius et L. Cotta lēgātī, quī in Menapiōrum fīnēs legiōnēs dūxerant, omnibus eōrum agrīs vāstātīs, frūmentīs succīsīs, aedificiīs incēnsīs, quod Menapiī sē omnēs in dēnsissimās silvās abdiderant, sē ad Caesarem recēpērunt.

But the legates Quintus Titurius and Lucius Cotta, who had led their legions into the territory of the Menapii, laid waste all their fields, cut down the crops and burned the buildings, and, because the Menapii had all hidden themselves in very dense woods, returned to Caesar.

4.38.4Caesar in Belgīs omnium legiōnum hīberna cōnstituit.

Caesar set up the winter quarters of all the legions among the Belgae.

4.38.4Eō duae omnīnō cīvitātēs ex Britanniā obsidēs mīsērunt, reliquae neglēxērunt.

Only two states in all sent hostages there from Britain; the rest neglected to.

4.38.5Hīs rēbus gestīs ex litterīs Caesaris diērum XX supplicātiō ā senātū dēcrēta est.

For these achievements, after Caesar's dispatches, a thanksgiving of twenty days was decreed by the senate.

Note. dierum XX supplicātiō: a public thanksgiving to the gods; twenty days was an unusually long one. ex litterīs Caesaris: 'in response to Caesar's dispatches'.

Vocabulary

posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
cum, prep, with abl.with
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
redūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead or bring back; restore
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
rebelliō, -ōnis f.renewed war, revolt
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
siccitās, -ātis f.dryness, drought
pālus, -ī, m.stake
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
nōn, adv.not
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
perfugium, -ī n.refuge, shelter
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
annus, -ī, m.year
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
omnis, -eall, every
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
at, conj.but
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
ager, agri, m.field, land
vāstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslay waste
frūmentum, -ī, n.grain
succīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut below or down
aedificium, -ī n.building
incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsumset on fire, burn
quod, conj.that, in that, because
dēnsus, -a, -umthick
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
abdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput away, hide
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
hīberna, -ōrum n. pl.winter quarters
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset together or up; appoint; determine
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
omnīnō, adv.altogether, wholly, entirely
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
obses, obsidis m./f.hostage
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
neglegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusdisregard, neglect
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
litterae, -ārum f. pl.letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch
Roman numerala number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000
supplicātiō, -ōnis f.public thanksgiving (to the gods)
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
senātus, -ūs m.senate
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico IV. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.