Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 4
De Bello Gallico 4.38
Winter quarters
Caesar, De Bello Gallico IV. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
Tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and track your reading.
Read in Lectitō4.38.1Caesar posterō diē T. Labiēnum lēgātum cum iīs legiōnibus quās ex Britanniā redūxerat in Morinōs quī rebelliōnem fēcerant mīsit.
The next day Caesar sent the legate Titus Labienus with the legions he had brought back from Britain against the Morini, who had rebelled.
4.38.2Quī cum propter siccitātēs palūdum quō sē reciperent nōn habērent, quō perfugiō superiōre annō erant ūsī, omnēs ferē in potestātem Labiēnī vēnērunt.
Since the marshes had dried out, they had nowhere to retreat to, the refuge they had used the year before, and almost all of them came into Labienus' power.
Note. quō sē reciperent: indirect question, 'where to retreat to'. quō perfugiō … erant ūsī: ūtor takes the ablative.
4.38.3At Q. Titūrius et L. Cotta lēgātī, quī in Menapiōrum fīnēs legiōnēs dūxerant, omnibus eōrum agrīs vāstātīs, frūmentīs succīsīs, aedificiīs incēnsīs, quod Menapiī sē omnēs in dēnsissimās silvās abdiderant, sē ad Caesarem recēpērunt.
But the legates Quintus Titurius and Lucius Cotta, who had led their legions into the territory of the Menapii, laid waste all their fields, cut down the crops and burned the buildings, and, because the Menapii had all hidden themselves in very dense woods, returned to Caesar.
4.38.4Caesar in Belgīs omnium legiōnum hīberna cōnstituit.
Caesar set up the winter quarters of all the legions among the Belgae.
4.38.4Eō duae omnīnō cīvitātēs ex Britanniā obsidēs mīsērunt, reliquae neglēxērunt.
Only two states in all sent hostages there from Britain; the rest neglected to.
4.38.5Hīs rēbus gestīs ex litterīs Caesaris diērum XX supplicātiō ā senātū dēcrēta est.
For these achievements, after Caesar's dispatches, a thanksgiving of twenty days was decreed by the senate.
Note. dierum XX supplicātiō: a public thanksgiving to the gods; twenty days was an unusually long one. ex litterīs Caesaris: 'in response to Caesar's dispatches'.
Vocabulary
| posterus, -a, -um | following, next |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| lēgātus, -ī, m. | ambassador |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| redūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead or bring back; restore |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| rebelliō, -ōnis f. | renewed war, revolt |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| propter, prep. with acc. | on account of, because of |
| siccitās, -ātis f. | dryness, drought |
| pālus, -ī, m. | stake |
| quō, adv. | to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long? |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| perfugium, -ī n. | refuge, shelter |
| superior, -ius, adj. | higher; former, previous, preceding |
| annus, -ī, m. | year |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| ūtor, ūtī, ūsus | use |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| ferē, adv. | nearly, about, almost, for the most part |
| potestās, -ātis f. | power, authority |
| veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus | come |
| at, conj. | but |
| quīntus, -a, -um | fifth |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| fīnis, -is, m. | end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country |
| dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus | lead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry |
| ager, agri, m. | field, land |
| vāstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | lay waste |
| frūmentum, -ī, n. | grain |
| succīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsus | cut below or down |
| aedificium, -ī n. | building |
| incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsum | set on fire, burn |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| dēnsus, -a, -um | thick |
| silva, -ae, f. | wood, forest |
| abdō, -dere, -didī, -ditus | put away, hide |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| hīberna, -ōrum n. pl. | winter quarters |
| cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtus | set together or up; appoint; determine |
| eō (adv.) | to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more) |
| duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj. | two |
| omnīnō, adv. | altogether, wholly, entirely |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| obses, obsidis m./f. | hostage |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| neglegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctus | disregard, neglect |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus | carry, wear; carry on, do |
| litterae, -ārum f. pl. | letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch |
| Roman numeral | a number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000 |
| supplicātiō, -ōnis f. | public thanksgiving (to the gods) |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| senātus, -ūs m. | senate |
| dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētum | decide, decree |