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De Bello Gallico 4.18

Across the Rhine

Caesar, De Bello Gallico IV. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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4.18.1Diēbus X, quibus māteria coepta erat comportārī, omnī opere effectō exercitus trādūcitur.

Within ten days of the time when the timber had begun to be gathered, the whole work was finished and the army was led across.

Note. Diēbus X: Caesar is proud of building the bridge in only ten days.

4.18.2Caesar ad utramque partem pontis firmō praesidiō relictō in fīnēs Sugambrōrum contendit.

Caesar left a strong guard at each end of the bridge and hurried into the territory of the Sugambri.

4.18.3Interim ā complūribus cīvitātibus ad eum lēgātī veniunt;

Meanwhile envoys came to him from several states;

4.18.3quibus pācem atque amīcitiam petentibus līberāliter respondet obsidēsque ad sē addūcī iubet.

when they asked for peace and friendship, he answered them generously and ordered hostages to be brought to him.

4.18.4At Sugambrī, ex eō tempore quō pōns īnstituī coeptus est fugā comparātā, hortantibus iīs quōs ex Tencterīs atque Usipetibus apud sē habēbant, fīnibus suīs excesserant suaque omnia exportāverant sēque in sōlitūdinem ac silvās abdiderant.

But the Sugambri, from the time the bridge began to be built, had prepared for flight, urged on by those of the Tencteri and Usipetes whom they had with them; they had left their lands, carried off all their goods, and hidden themselves in the wilderness and the forests.

Note. ex eō tempore quō: 'from the time when'. coeptus est: coepī is passive when the infinitive with it is passive (īnstituī).

Vocabulary

diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
Roman numerala number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
māteria, -ae f.timber, material
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
comportō, -portāre, -portāvī, -portātuscarry or bring together, collect
omnis, -eall, every
opus, operis, n.work, task
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or work out, accomplish, effect
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
trādūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead across
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
pōns, pontis, m.bridge
firmus, -a, -umstrong, steadfast
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
interim (adv.)meanwhile
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj.several, many
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
pāx, pācis f.peace
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
amīcitia, -ae f.friendship, alliance
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
līberāliter (adv.)generously, kindly
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
obses, obsidis m./f.hostage
que, enclitic conj.and
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead to, bring, take; induce, influence
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
at, conj.but
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusdecide upon, determine
fuga, -ae, f.flight
comparō, -parāre, -parāvī, -parātusprepare, collect
hortor, -ārī, -ātusexhort, encourage, urge
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo out or forth, depart
exportō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscarry out, carry away
sōlitūdō, -inis f.loneliness; a wilderness, desert
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
abdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput away, hide
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico IV. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.