Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 4
De Bello Gallico 4.18
Across the Rhine
Caesar, De Bello Gallico IV. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō4.18.1Diēbus X, quibus māteria coepta erat comportārī, omnī opere effectō exercitus trādūcitur.
Within ten days of the time when the timber had begun to be gathered, the whole work was finished and the army was led across.
Note. Diēbus X: Caesar is proud of building the bridge in only ten days.
4.18.2Caesar ad utramque partem pontis firmō praesidiō relictō in fīnēs Sugambrōrum contendit.
Caesar left a strong guard at each end of the bridge and hurried into the territory of the Sugambri.
4.18.3Interim ā complūribus cīvitātibus ad eum lēgātī veniunt;
Meanwhile envoys came to him from several states;
4.18.3quibus pācem atque amīcitiam petentibus līberāliter respondet obsidēsque ad sē addūcī iubet.
when they asked for peace and friendship, he answered them generously and ordered hostages to be brought to him.
4.18.4At Sugambrī, ex eō tempore quō pōns īnstituī coeptus est fugā comparātā, hortantibus iīs quōs ex Tencterīs atque Usipetibus apud sē habēbant, fīnibus suīs excesserant suaque omnia exportāverant sēque in sōlitūdinem ac silvās abdiderant.
But the Sugambri, from the time the bridge began to be built, had prepared for flight, urged on by those of the Tencteri and Usipetes whom they had with them; they had left their lands, carried off all their goods, and hidden themselves in the wilderness and the forests.
Note. ex eō tempore quō: 'from the time when'. coeptus est: coepī is passive when the infinitive with it is passive (īnstituī).
Vocabulary
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| Roman numeral | a number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000 |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| māteria, -ae f. | timber, material |
| coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action) | have begun, began |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| comportō, -portāre, -portāvī, -portātus | carry or bring together, collect |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| opus, operis, n. | work, task |
| efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | make or work out, accomplish, effect |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| trādūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead across |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| uterque, utraque, utrumque | each, either, both |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| pōns, pontis, m. | bridge |
| firmus, -a, -um | strong, steadfast |
| praesidium, -ī, n. | protection; guard, escort |
| relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictus | leave behind, leave |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| fīnis, -is, m. | end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country |
| contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch, hasten |
| interim (adv.) | meanwhile |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj. | several, many |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| lēgātus, -ī, m. | ambassador |
| veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus | come |
| pāx, pācis f. | peace |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| amīcitia, -ae f. | friendship, alliance |
| petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītus | seek, ask; attack |
| līberāliter (adv.) | generously, kindly |
| respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsus | reply, answer |
| obses, obsidis m./f. | hostage |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead to, bring, take; induce, influence |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus | bid, order, command |
| at, conj. | but |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtus | decide upon, determine |
| fuga, -ae, f. | flight |
| comparō, -parāre, -parāvī, -parātus | prepare, collect |
| hortor, -ārī, -ātus | exhort, encourage, urge |
| apud, prep, with acc. | among, with |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessus | go out or forth, depart |
| exportō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | carry out, carry away |
| sōlitūdō, -inis f. | loneliness; a wilderness, desert |
| silva, -ae, f. | wood, forest |
| abdō, -dere, -didī, -ditus | put away, hide |