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De Bello Gallico 4.10

The Meuse and the Rhine

Caesar, De Bello Gallico IV. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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4.10.1Mosa prōfluit ex monte Vosegō, quī est in fīnibus Lingonum, et parte quādam ex Rhēnō receptā, quae appellātur Vacalus īnsulam efficit Batāvōrum, in Ōceanum īnfluit neque longius ab Ōceanō mīlibus passuum LXXX in Rhēnum īnfluit.

The Meuse rises in the Vosges mountains, which are in the territory of the Lingones, and, taking in a branch of the Rhine called the Waal, forms the island of the Batavi, and not more than eighty miles from the Ocean it flows into the Rhine.

Note. milibus passuum LXXX: ablative of degree of difference with longius. The Meuse in fact joins the Waal, not the Rhine itself.

4.10.3Rhēnus autem oritur ex Lepontiīs, quī Alpēs incolunt, et longō spatiō per fīnēs Nantuātium, Helvētiōrum, Sēquanōrum, Mediomatricōrum, Tribocōrum, Trēverōrum citātus fertur et, ubi Ōceanō adpropinquāvit, in plūrēs diffluit partēs multīs ingentibusque īnsulīs effectīs, quārum pars magna ā ferīs barbarīs nātiōnibus incolitur, ex quibus sunt quī piscibus atque ōvīs avium vīvere exīstimantur, multīs capitibus in Ōceanum īnfluit.

The Rhine rises among the Lepontii, who live in the Alps, and is carried swiftly over a long distance through the lands of the Nantuates, Helvetii, Sequani, Mediomatrici, Triboci and Treveri, and when it comes near the Ocean it divides into several branches, forming many large islands, a great part of which are inhabited by wild barbarian tribes, some of whom are believed to live on fish and birds' eggs; and it flows into the Ocean by many mouths.

Vocabulary

prōfluō, -ere, -flūxīflow forth
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
mōns, montis, m.mountain
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātuscall, name
īnsula, -ae, f.island
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or work out, accomplish, effect
īnfluō, -ere, -flūxīflow into
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
longē, adv.far
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
passus, -ūs, m.pace (mīlia passuum: miles)
Roman numerala number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
orior, -īrī, -tusarise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn
incolō, -colere, -coluīinhabit
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
spatium, -ī, n.space, interval; space of time, time
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
citō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset in motion, urge on; citātus: swift, rushing
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
appropinquō, -propinquāre, -propinquāvī, -propinquātusapproach to, approach
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
diffluō, -ere, -flūxīflow apart, divide into branches
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
ferus, -a, -umwild, savage
barbarus, -a, -umbarbarian
nātiō, -ōnis f.people, nation; birth
piscis, -is m.fish
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ōvum, -ī n.egg
avis, -is, f.bird
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
caput, capitis, n.head
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico IV. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.