Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 4
De Bello Gallico 4.10
The Meuse and the Rhine
Caesar, De Bello Gallico IV. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō4.10.1Mosa prōfluit ex monte Vosegō, quī est in fīnibus Lingonum, et parte quādam ex Rhēnō receptā, quae appellātur Vacalus īnsulam efficit Batāvōrum, in Ōceanum īnfluit neque longius ab Ōceanō mīlibus passuum LXXX in Rhēnum īnfluit.
The Meuse rises in the Vosges mountains, which are in the territory of the Lingones, and, taking in a branch of the Rhine called the Waal, forms the island of the Batavi, and not more than eighty miles from the Ocean it flows into the Rhine.
Note. milibus passuum LXXX: ablative of degree of difference with longius. The Meuse in fact joins the Waal, not the Rhine itself.
4.10.3Rhēnus autem oritur ex Lepontiīs, quī Alpēs incolunt, et longō spatiō per fīnēs Nantuātium, Helvētiōrum, Sēquanōrum, Mediomatricōrum, Tribocōrum, Trēverōrum citātus fertur et, ubi Ōceanō adpropinquāvit, in plūrēs diffluit partēs multīs ingentibusque īnsulīs effectīs, quārum pars magna ā ferīs barbarīs nātiōnibus incolitur, ex quibus sunt quī piscibus atque ōvīs avium vīvere exīstimantur, multīs capitibus in Ōceanum īnfluit.
The Rhine rises among the Lepontii, who live in the Alps, and is carried swiftly over a long distance through the lands of the Nantuates, Helvetii, Sequani, Mediomatrici, Triboci and Treveri, and when it comes near the Ocean it divides into several branches, forming many large islands, a great part of which are inhabited by wild barbarian tribes, some of whom are believed to live on fish and birds' eggs; and it flows into the Ocean by many mouths.
Vocabulary
| prōfluō, -ere, -flūxī | flow forth |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| mōns, montis, m. | mountain |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| fīnis, -is, m. | end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron. | a certain, certain |
| recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover |
| appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātus | call, name |
| īnsula, -ae, f. | island |
| efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | make or work out, accomplish, effect |
| īnfluō, -ere, -flūxī | flow into |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| longē, adv. | far |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| mīlle, indecl. adj. | a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands; |
| passus, -ūs, m. | pace (mīlia passuum: miles) |
| Roman numeral | a number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000 |
| autem, conj. | moreover; but, however; now |
| orior, -īrī, -tus | arise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn |
| incolō, -colere, -coluī | inhabit |
| longus, -a, -um | long; tedious |
| spatium, -ī, n. | space, interval; space of time, time |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| citō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | set in motion, urge on; citātus: swift, rushing |
| ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus | bear, bring |
| ubi, adv. | where; conj., when |
| appropinquō, -propinquāre, -propinquāvī, -propinquātus | approach to, approach |
| multus, -a, -um | much, great; plur., many |
| diffluō, -ere, -flūxī | flow apart, divide into branches |
| ingēns, -gentis, adj. | huge, vast |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| ferus, -a, -um | wild, savage |
| barbarus, -a, -um | barbarian |
| nātiō, -ōnis f. | people, nation; birth |
| piscis, -is m. | fish |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| ōvum, -ī n. | egg |
| avis, -is, f. | bird |
| vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctus | live |
| exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | consider, believe, think |
| caput, capitis, n. | head |