Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 3
De Bello Gallico 3.7
A new war in the west
Caesar, De Bello Gallico III. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō3.7.1Hīs rēbus gestīs cum omnibus dē causīs Caesar pācātam Galliam exīstimāret, superātīs Belgīs, expulsīs Germānīs, victīs in Alpibus Sedūnīs, atque ita initā hieme in Illyricum profectus esset, quod eās quoque nātiōnēs adīre et regiōnēs cognōscere volēbat, subitum bellum in Galliā coortum est.
After these events, when Caesar had every reason to think Gaul was at peace, the Belgae defeated, the Germans driven out and the Seduni beaten in the Alps, and so at the beginning of winter he had set out for Illyricum, because he wanted to visit those peoples too and get to know the region, a sudden war broke out in Gaul.
Note. subitum bellum … coortum est: coorior, 'rise, break out'.
3.7.2Eius bellī haec fuit causa.
The cause of the war was this.
3.7.2P. Crassus adulēscēns cum legiōne VII. proximus mare Ōceanum in Andibus hiemābat.
The young Publius Crassus was wintering with the seventh legion among the Andes, nearest to the Ocean.
Note. proximus mare Ōceanum: proximus can take an accusative, 'nearest to the Ocean'.
3.7.3Is, quod in hīs locīs inopia frūmentī erat, praefectōs tribūnōsque mīlitum complūrēs in fīnitimās cīvitātēs frūmentī causā dīmīsit;
Because there was a shortage of grain in those parts, he sent out several prefects and military tribunes to the neighbouring states to obtain grain;
3.7.4quō in numerō est T. Terrasidius missus in Esuviōs, M. Trebius Gallus in Coriosolitēs, Q. Velānius cum T. Sīliō in Venetōs.
among them Titus Terrasidius was sent to the Esuvii, Marcus Trebius Gallus to the Coriosolites, and Quintus Velanius with Titus Silius to the Veneti.
Vocabulary
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus | carry, wear; carry on, do |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| causa, -ae, f. | cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of |
| pācō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | subdue, pacify |
| exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | consider, believe, think |
| superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | overcome, defeat, conquer |
| expellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsus | drive out, expel |
| vincō, -ere, vīcī, victum | conquer, defeat |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| ita, adv. | in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as |
| ineō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go into, enter; adopt |
| hiems, hiemis f. | winter |
| proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sum | set out, depart, march |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| quoque, adv. | also |
| nātiō, -ōnis f. | people, nation; birth |
| adeō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go to, approach |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| regiō, -ōnis, f. | direction; country, region |
| cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus | find out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know |
| volō, velle, voluī | wish |
| subitus, -a, -um | sudden |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| coorior, -orīrī, -ortus | arise |
| adulēscēns, -entis, m. | youth, young man |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| Roman numeral | a number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000 |
| proximus, -a, -um | nearest, next |
| mare, maris, n. | sea |
| hiemō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | spend the winter |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| inopia, -ae f. | lack, want, scarcity |
| frūmentum, -ī, n. | grain |
| praefectus, -ī m. | commander, officer |
| tribūnus, -ī m. | tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion) |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| mīles, mīlitis, m. | soldier |
| complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj. | several, many |
| fīnitimus, -a, -um | neighboring, adjoining |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | send different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| numerus, -ī, m. | number |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| gallus, -ī m. | cock, rooster |
| quīntus, -a, -um | fifth |