Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 3
De Bello Gallico 3.5
A desperate sally
Caesar, De Bello Gallico III. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō3.5.1Cum iam amplius hōrīs sex continenter pugnārētur, ac nōn sōlum vīrēs sed etiam tēla nostrōs dēficerent, atque hostēs ācrius īnstārent languidiōribusque nostrīs vallum scindere et fossās complēre coepissent, rēsque esset iam ad extrēmum perducta cāsum, P. Sextius Baculus, prīmī pīlī centuriō, quem Nervicō proeliō complūribus cōnfectum vulneribus dīximus, et item C. Volusēnus, tribūnus mīlitum, vir et cōnsiliī magnī et virtūtis, ad Galbam accurrunt atque ūnam esse spem salūtis docent, sī ēruptiōne factā extrēmum auxilium experīrentur.
When there had been continuous fighting for more than six hours, and not only strength but also weapons were failing our men, and the enemy were pressing harder and, as our men weakened, had begun to tear down the rampart and fill in the ditches, and the situation had reached the last extremity, Publius Sextius Baculus, the chief centurion, who we said was disabled by several wounds in the battle with the Nervii, and also Gaius Volusenus, a military tribune, a man of great judgement and courage, ran to Galba and told him there was one hope of safety: to make a sally and try the last resort.
Note. prīmī pīlī centuriō: the chief centurion of the legion. Nervicō proeliō: the battle with the Nervii, described in Book 2.
3.5.3Itaque convocātīs centuriōnibus celeriter mīlitēs certiōrēs facit, paulisper intermitterent proelium ac tantum modo tēla missa exciperent sēque ex labōre reficerent, post datō signō ex castrīs ērumperent, atque omnem spem salūtis in virtūte pōnerent.
So he called the centurions together and quickly told the soldiers to stop fighting for a little while, only catching the weapons thrown at them and recovering from their exertion; then, when the signal was given, they were to burst out of the camp and place all their hope of safety in their courage.
Note. intermitterent, exciperent, reficerent, ērumperent: commands reported in indirect speech after certiōrēs facit.
Vocabulary
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| iam, adv. | now, already |
| amplius (adv.) | more, further |
| hōra, -ae, f. | hour |
| sex (indecl.) | six |
| continenter | continually, without a break |
| pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | fight |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n. | only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil |
| vīs, vīs, f. | violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main |
| sed, conj. | but |
| etiam, adv. | and now, also, too, even |
| tēlum, -ī, n. | missile, spear, weapon |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | fail |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| ācriter, adv. | sharply, fiercely |
| īnstō, -āre, -stitī | press on; be at hand |
| languidus, -a, -um | faint, tired |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| vallum, -ī n. | rampart, palisade |
| scindō, -ere, scidī, scissum | tear down, cut |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| fossa, -ae, f. | ditch, trench |
| compleō, -plēre, -plēvī, -plētus | fill full, fill up |
| coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action) | have begun, began |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| extrēmus, -a, -um | last, extreme, furthest |
| perdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead or bring through, lead, bring |
| cāsus, -ūs, m. | fall; chance, accident |
| prīmus, -a, -um | first, foremost |
| pīlus, -ī m. | maniple of veterans (prīmus pīlus: the chief centurion) |
| centuriō, -ōnis m. | centurion (officer commanding about 80 men) |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| Nervicus, -a, -um | of the Nervii (proelium Nervicum: the battle with the Nervii) |
| proelium, -ī, n. | battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle |
| complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj. | several, many |
| cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | make or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out |
| vulnus, vulneris, n. | wound |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| item | likewise, also |
| tribūnus, -ī m. | tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion) |
| mīles, mīlitis, m. | soldier |
| vir, virī, m. | man |
| cōnsilium, -ī, n. | advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| virtūs, -tūtis, f. | manliness, courage, bravery |
| accurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursus | run to, come up |
| ūnus, -a, -um | one; only, alone |
| spēs, speī, f. | hope |
| salūs, salūtis, f. | safety, deliverance, escape |
| doceo, -ēre, -uī, -tus | teach, explain |
| sī, conj. | if |
| ēruptiō, -ōnis f. | sally, sortie |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| auxilium, -ī, n. | help, aid |
| experior, -īrī, expertus sum | try, test, experience |
| itaque, adv. | and so, accordingly, therefore |
| convocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātus | call together, summon, assemble |
| celeriter, adv. | swiftly, quickly |
| certus, -a, -um | determined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform |
| paulisper (adv.) | for a short time |
| intermittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | leave off, interrupt; let pass; pass., be left between, intervene, elapse |
| tantum, adv. | so much or far, only |
| modo, adv. | only |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take out or up, receive, welcome, entertain |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| labor, -ōris, m. | labor, toil |
| reficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | make anew, renew, repair |
| post, adv. | after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind |
| dō, dare, dedī, datus | give |
| signum, -ī, n. | sign, signal |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| ērumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptum | burst out, sally |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positus | place, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on |