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De Bello Gallico 3.5

A desperate sally

Caesar, De Bello Gallico III. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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3.5.1Cum iam amplius hōrīs sex continenter pugnārētur, ac nōn sōlum vīrēs sed etiam tēla nostrōs dēficerent, atque hostēs ācrius īnstārent languidiōribusque nostrīs vallum scindere et fossās complēre coepissent, rēsque esset iam ad extrēmum perducta cāsum, P. Sextius Baculus, prīmī pīlī centuriō, quem Nervicō proeliō complūribus cōnfectum vulneribus dīximus, et item C. Volusēnus, tribūnus mīlitum, vir et cōnsiliī magnī et virtūtis, ad Galbam accurrunt atque ūnam esse spem salūtis docent, sī ēruptiōne factā extrēmum auxilium experīrentur.

When there had been continuous fighting for more than six hours, and not only strength but also weapons were failing our men, and the enemy were pressing harder and, as our men weakened, had begun to tear down the rampart and fill in the ditches, and the situation had reached the last extremity, Publius Sextius Baculus, the chief centurion, who we said was disabled by several wounds in the battle with the Nervii, and also Gaius Volusenus, a military tribune, a man of great judgement and courage, ran to Galba and told him there was one hope of safety: to make a sally and try the last resort.

Note. prīmī pīlī centuriō: the chief centurion of the legion. Nervicō proeliō: the battle with the Nervii, described in Book 2.

3.5.3Itaque convocātīs centuriōnibus celeriter mīlitēs certiōrēs facit, paulisper intermitterent proelium ac tantum modo tēla missa exciperent sēque ex labōre reficerent, post datō signō ex castrīs ērumperent, atque omnem spem salūtis in virtūte pōnerent.

So he called the centurions together and quickly told the soldiers to stop fighting for a little while, only catching the weapons thrown at them and recovering from their exertion; then, when the signal was given, they were to burst out of the camp and place all their hope of safety in their courage.

Note. intermitterent, exciperent, reficerent, ērumperent: commands reported in indirect speech after certiōrēs facit.

Vocabulary

cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
iam, adv.now, already
amplius (adv.)more, further
hōra, -ae, f.hour
sex (indecl.)six
continentercontinually, without a break
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
nōn, adv.not
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
sed, conj.but
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
noster, -tra, -trumour
dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusfail
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
ācriter, adv.sharply, fiercely
īnstō, -āre, -stitīpress on; be at hand
languidus, -a, -umfaint, tired
que, enclitic conj.and
vallum, -ī n.rampart, palisade
scindō, -ere, scidī, scissumtear down, cut
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
fossa, -ae, f.ditch, trench
compleō, -plēre, -plēvī, -plētusfill full, fill up
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
perdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead or bring through, lead, bring
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
pīlus, -ī m.maniple of veterans (prīmus pīlus: the chief centurion)
centuriō, -ōnis m.centurion (officer commanding about 80 men)
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
Nervicus, -a, -umof the Nervii (proelium Nervicum: the battle with the Nervii)
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj.several, many
cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
itemlikewise, also
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
vir, virī, m.man
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
accurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun to, come up
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
spēs, speī, f.hope
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
doceo, -ēre, -uī, -tusteach, explain
sī, conj.if
ēruptiō, -ōnis f.sally, sortie
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
experior, -īrī, expertus sumtry, test, experience
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
convocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātuscall together, summon, assemble
celeriter, adv.swiftly, quickly
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
paulisper (adv.)for a short time
intermittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missusleave off, interrupt; let pass; pass., be left between, intervene, elapse
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
modo, adv.only
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
reficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake anew, renew, repair
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
ērumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptumburst out, sally
omnis, -eall, every
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico III. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.