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De Bello Gallico 2.9

Stand-off at the marsh

Caesar, De Bello Gallico II. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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2.9.1Palūs erat nōn magna inter nostrum atque hostium exercitum.

There was a marsh, not large, between our army and the enemy's.

Note. Palūs, -ūdis is a marsh, not pālus, a stake.

2.9.1Hanc sī nostrī trānsīrent hostēs expectābant;

The enemy were waiting to see whether our men would cross it;

Note. Hanc sī nostrī trānsīrent: sī here means 'to see whether'.

2.9.1nostrī autem, sī ab illīs initium trānseundī fieret, ut impedītōs adgrederentur parātī in armīs erant.

our men, for their part, stood ready in arms to attack them while they were hampered, if the enemy began to cross.

2.9.2Interim proeliō equestrī inter duās aciēs contendēbātur.

Meanwhile there was a cavalry fight between the two lines.

2.9.2Ubi neutrī trānseundī initium faciunt, secundiōre equitum proeliō nostrīs Caesar suōs in castra redūxit.

When neither side began to cross, Caesar, the cavalry battle having gone in our favour, led his men back into camp.

2.9.3Hostēs prōtinus ex eō locō ad flūmen Axonam contendērunt, quod esse post nostra castra dēmōnstrātum est.

The enemy immediately hurried from that place to the river Aisne, which, as has been shown, was behind our camp.

Note. quod esse post nostra castra dēmōnstrātum est: 'which, as was shown, was behind our camp'.

2.9.4Ibi vadīs repertīs partem suārum cōpiārum trādūcere cōnātī sunt eō cōnsiliō ut, sī possent, castellum, cui praeerat Q. Titūrius lēgātus, expugnārent pontemque interscinderent, sī minus potuissent, agrōs Rēmōrum populārentur, quī magnō nōbīs ūsuī ad bellum gerendum erant, commeātūque nostrōs prohibērent.

There, finding fords, they tried to lead part of their forces across, with the plan of storming, if they could, the redoubt commanded by the officer Quintus Titurius and breaking down the bridge; or, if they could not, of laying waste the fields of the Remi, which were very useful to us for waging the war, and cutting our men off from supplies.

Note. eō cōnsiliō ut: 'with the plan that'. magnō nōbīs ūsuī: a double dative, 'of great use to us'.

Vocabulary

palūs, -ūdis, f.swamp, marsh
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
nōn, adv.not
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
noster, -tra, -trumour
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
sī, conj.if
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
initium, -ī, n.beginning
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
aggredior, -ī, aggressus sumattack
parātus, -a, -umprepared, equipped, ready
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
interim (adv.)meanwhile
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
equester, -tris, -treof cavalry
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
neuter, neutra, neutrumneither
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
secundus, -a, -umfollowing, favorable
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
redūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead or bring back; restore
prōtinus (adv.)straight on; at once
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
flūmen, -minis, n.river
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
dēmōnstrō, -mōnstrāre, -mōnstrāvī, -mōnstrātuspoint out, show; make known
ibi, adv.in that place, there
vadum, -ī n.ford, shallow place
reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertusfind, discover
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
trādūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead across
cōnor, -ārī, -ātustry, attempt
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
castellum, -ī n.fort, redoubt
praesum, -esse, -fuībe before, preside over, have charge of, command
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
expugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake by storm, capture
pōns, pontis, m.bridge
que, enclitic conj.and
interscindō, -ere, -scidī, -scissumcut down, break down
minus, comp. adv.less
ager, agri, m.field, land
populor, -ārī, -ātus sumlay waste, plunder
nōsplur. of ego
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
bellum, -ī, n.war
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
commeātus, -ūs, m.supplies, provisions
prohibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold back, prevent, hinder
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico II. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.