Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 2
De Bello Gallico 2.9
Stand-off at the marsh
Caesar, De Bello Gallico II. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō2.9.1Palūs erat nōn magna inter nostrum atque hostium exercitum.
There was a marsh, not large, between our army and the enemy's.
Note. Palūs, -ūdis is a marsh, not pālus, a stake.
2.9.1Hanc sī nostrī trānsīrent hostēs expectābant;
The enemy were waiting to see whether our men would cross it;
Note. Hanc sī nostrī trānsīrent: sī here means 'to see whether'.
2.9.1nostrī autem, sī ab illīs initium trānseundī fieret, ut impedītōs adgrederentur parātī in armīs erant.
our men, for their part, stood ready in arms to attack them while they were hampered, if the enemy began to cross.
2.9.2Interim proeliō equestrī inter duās aciēs contendēbātur.
Meanwhile there was a cavalry fight between the two lines.
2.9.2Ubi neutrī trānseundī initium faciunt, secundiōre equitum proeliō nostrīs Caesar suōs in castra redūxit.
When neither side began to cross, Caesar, the cavalry battle having gone in our favour, led his men back into camp.
2.9.3Hostēs prōtinus ex eō locō ad flūmen Axonam contendērunt, quod esse post nostra castra dēmōnstrātum est.
The enemy immediately hurried from that place to the river Aisne, which, as has been shown, was behind our camp.
Note. quod esse post nostra castra dēmōnstrātum est: 'which, as was shown, was behind our camp'.
2.9.4Ibi vadīs repertīs partem suārum cōpiārum trādūcere cōnātī sunt eō cōnsiliō ut, sī possent, castellum, cui praeerat Q. Titūrius lēgātus, expugnārent pontemque interscinderent, sī minus potuissent, agrōs Rēmōrum populārentur, quī magnō nōbīs ūsuī ad bellum gerendum erant, commeātūque nostrōs prohibērent.
There, finding fords, they tried to lead part of their forces across, with the plan of storming, if they could, the redoubt commanded by the officer Quintus Titurius and breaking down the bridge; or, if they could not, of laying waste the fields of the Remi, which were very useful to us for waging the war, and cutting our men off from supplies.
Note. eō cōnsiliō ut: 'with the plan that'. magnō nōbīs ūsuī: a double dative, 'of great use to us'.
Vocabulary
| palūs, -ūdis, f. | swamp, marsh |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| inter, prep, with acc. | among, between |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| sī, conj. | if |
| trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go across or over, cross |
| exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātus | look out for, wait for, await, expect; wait |
| autem, conj. | moreover; but, however; now |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| initium, -ī, n. | beginning |
| fīō, fierī, factus sum | be done or made, become, happen |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītus | hinder, prevent, impede |
| aggredior, -ī, aggressus sum | attack |
| parātus, -a, -um | prepared, equipped, ready |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| arma, -ōrum, n. plur. | arms, weapons |
| interim (adv.) | meanwhile |
| proelium, -ī, n. | battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle |
| equester, -tris, -tre | of cavalry |
| duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj. | two |
| aciēs, -ēī, f. | line of battle |
| contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch, hasten |
| ubi, adv. | where; conj., when |
| neuter, neutra, neutrum | neither |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| secundus, -a, -um | following, favorable |
| eques, equitis m. | horseman; (pl.) cavalry |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| redūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead or bring back; restore |
| prōtinus (adv.) | straight on; at once |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| flūmen, -minis, n. | river |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| post, adv. | after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind |
| dēmōnstrō, -mōnstrāre, -mōnstrāvī, -mōnstrātus | point out, show; make known |
| ibi, adv. | in that place, there |
| vadum, -ī n. | ford, shallow place |
| reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertus | find, discover |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| cōpia, -ae, f. | supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops |
| trādūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead across |
| cōnor, -ārī, -ātus | try, attempt |
| cōnsilium, -ī, n. | advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| castellum, -ī n. | fort, redoubt |
| praesum, -esse, -fuī | be before, preside over, have charge of, command |
| quīntus, -a, -um | fifth |
| lēgātus, -ī, m. | ambassador |
| expugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | take by storm, capture |
| pōns, pontis, m. | bridge |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| interscindō, -ere, -scidī, -scissum | cut down, break down |
| minus, comp. adv. | less |
| ager, agri, m. | field, land |
| populor, -ārī, -ātus sum | lay waste, plunder |
| nōs | plur. of ego |
| ūsus, -ūs, m. | use; experience |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus | carry, wear; carry on, do |
| commeātus, -ūs, m. | supplies, provisions |
| prohibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitus | hold back, prevent, hinder |