Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 2
De Bello Gallico 2.7
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico II. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō2.7.1Eō dē mediā nocte Caesar īsdem ducibus ūsus quī nūntiī ab Icciō vēnerant, Numidās et Crētas sagittāriōs et funditōrēs Baleārēs subsidiō oppidānīs mittit;
Just after midnight Caesar, using as guides the same men who had come as messengers from Iccius, sends Numidian and Cretan archers and Balearic slingers to help the townspeople;
Note. subsidiō oppidānīs: a double dative, 'as a help to the townspeople'.
2.7.2quōrum adventū et Rēmīs cum spē dēfēnsiōnis studium prōpugnandī accessit et hostibus eādem dē causā spēs potiundī oppidī discessit.
their arrival gave the Remi, along with hope of defence, the will to fight back, and for the same reason the enemy lost hope of taking the town.
Note. potiundī oppidī: an older spelling of potiendī, a gerundive with oppidī.
2.7.3Itaque paulisper apud oppidum morātī agrōsque Rēmōrum dēpopulātī, omnibus vīcīs aedificiīsque quō adīre potuerant incēnsīs, ad castra Caesaris omnibus cōpiīs contendērunt et ā mīlibus passuum minus duōbus castra posuērunt;
So, after staying near the town a short while, laying waste the fields of the Remi and burning all the villages and buildings they could reach, they hurried with all their forces to Caesar's camp and pitched camp less than two miles away;
2.7.4quae castra, ut fūmō atque ignibus significābātur, amplius mīlibus passuum VIII lātitūdinem patēbant.
and that camp, as was shown by the smoke and the fires, stretched more than eight miles wide.
Vocabulary
| eō (adv.) | to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more) |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| medius, -a, -um | mid, middle |
| nox, noctis, f. | night |
| īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. | the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also |
| dux, ducis, m. and f. | leader, commander |
| ūtor, ūtī, ūsus | use |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| nūntius, -ī, m. | messenger; message |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus | come |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| sagittārius, -ī m. | archer |
| funditor, -ōris m. | slinger |
| Baleārēs, -ium | of the Balearic Islands (famous for slingers) |
| subsidium, -ī, n. | reserve, reinforcement, support, help |
| oppidānī, -ōrum m. pl. | townspeople |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| adventus, -ūs, m. | approach, arrival |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| spēs, speī, f. | hope |
| dēfēnsiō, -ōnis f. | defence |
| studium, -ī, n. | eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit |
| prōpugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | fight in defence |
| accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessum | come near, approach; be added |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| causa, -ae, f. | cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of |
| potior, -īrī, -ītus | become master of, get possession of |
| oppidum, -ī, n. | town |
| discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessus | go apart, withdraw, depart |
| itaque, adv. | and so, accordingly, therefore |
| paulisper (adv.) | for a short time |
| apud, prep, with acc. | among, with |
| moror, -ārī, -ātus | delay, linger, stay |
| ager, agri, m. | field, land |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| dēpopulor, -ārī, -ātus sum | lay waste, ravage |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| vīcus, -ī, m. | village |
| aedificium, -ī n. | building |
| quō, adv. | to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long? |
| adeō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go to, approach |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsum | set on fire, burn |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| cōpia, -ae, f. | supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops |
| contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch, hasten |
| mīlle, indecl. adj. | a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands; |
| passus, -ūs, m. | pace (mīlia passuum: miles) |
| minus, comp. adv. | less |
| duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj. | two |
| pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positus | place, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| fūmus, -ī, m. | smoke |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| ignis, -is, m. | fire |
| significō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | show, indicate, signal |
| amplius (adv.) | more, further |
| Roman numeral | a number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000 |
| lātitūdō, -inis f. | width, breadth |
| pateō, -ēre, -uī | lie open; extend, stretch |