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De Bello Gallico 2.7

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Caesar, De Bello Gallico II. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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2.7.1Eō dē mediā nocte Caesar īsdem ducibus ūsus quī nūntiī ab Icciō vēnerant, Numidās et Crētas sagittāriōs et funditōrēs Baleārēs subsidiō oppidānīs mittit;

Just after midnight Caesar, using as guides the same men who had come as messengers from Iccius, sends Numidian and Cretan archers and Balearic slingers to help the townspeople;

Note. subsidiō oppidānīs: a double dative, 'as a help to the townspeople'.

2.7.2quōrum adventū et Rēmīs cum spē dēfēnsiōnis studium prōpugnandī accessit et hostibus eādem dē causā spēs potiundī oppidī discessit.

their arrival gave the Remi, along with hope of defence, the will to fight back, and for the same reason the enemy lost hope of taking the town.

Note. potiundī oppidī: an older spelling of potiendī, a gerundive with oppidī.

2.7.3Itaque paulisper apud oppidum morātī agrōsque Rēmōrum dēpopulātī, omnibus vīcīs aedificiīsque quō adīre potuerant incēnsīs, ad castra Caesaris omnibus cōpiīs contendērunt et ā mīlibus passuum minus duōbus castra posuērunt;

So, after staying near the town a short while, laying waste the fields of the Remi and burning all the villages and buildings they could reach, they hurried with all their forces to Caesar's camp and pitched camp less than two miles away;

2.7.4quae castra, ut fūmō atque ignibus significābātur, amplius mīlibus passuum VIII lātitūdinem patēbant.

and that camp, as was shown by the smoke and the fires, stretched more than eight miles wide.

Vocabulary

eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
nox, noctis, f.night
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
sagittārius, -ī m.archer
funditor, -ōris m.slinger
Baleārēs, -iumof the Balearic Islands (famous for slingers)
subsidium, -ī, n.reserve, reinforcement, support, help
oppidānī, -ōrum m. pl.townspeople
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
adventus, -ūs, m.approach, arrival
cum, prep, with abl.with
spēs, speī, f.hope
dēfēnsiō, -ōnis f.defence
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
prōpugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight in defence
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
potior, -īrī, -ītusbecome master of, get possession of
oppidum, -ī, n.town
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw, depart
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
paulisper (adv.)for a short time
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
ager, agri, m.field, land
que, enclitic conj.and
dēpopulor, -ārī, -ātus sumlay waste, ravage
omnis, -eall, every
vīcus, -ī, m.village
aedificium, -ī n.building
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsumset on fire, burn
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
passus, -ūs, m.pace (mīlia passuum: miles)
minus, comp. adv.less
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
fūmus, -ī, m.smoke
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ignis, -is, m.fire
significō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumshow, indicate, signal
amplius (adv.)more, further
Roman numerala number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000
lātitūdō, -inis f.width, breadth
pateō, -ēre, -uīlie open; extend, stretch
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico II. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.