Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 2
De Bello Gallico 2.24
Panic in the camp
Caesar, De Bello Gallico II. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō2.24.1Eōdem tempore equitēs nostrī levisque armātūrae peditēs, quī cum iīs ūnā fuerant, quōs prīmō hostium impetū pulsōs dīxeram, cum sē in castra reciperent, adversīs hostibus occurrēbant ac rūrsus aliam in partem fugam petēbant;
At the same time our cavalry and the light-armed infantry who had been with them, who I said had been driven back by the enemy's first attack, were retreating into the camp and ran into the enemy face to face, and fled again in another direction;
2.24.2et cālōnēs, quī ab decumānā portā ac summō iugō collis nostrōs victōrēs flūmen trānsīre cōnspexerant, praedandī causā ēgressī, cum respexissent et hostēs in nostrīs castrīs versārī vīdissent, praecipitēs fugae sēsē mandābant.
and the camp servants, who from the rear gate and the top of the hill had seen our men cross the river as victors, had gone out to plunder; when they looked back and saw the enemy moving about in our camp, they fled headlong.
2.24.3Simul eōrum quī cum impedīmentīs veniēbant clāmor fremitusque oriēbātur, aliīque aliam in partem perterritī ferēbantur.
At the same time shouting and uproar arose from those who were coming with the baggage, and they rushed in panic, some one way, some another.
2.24.4Quibus omnibus rēbus permōtī equitēs Trēverī, quōrum inter Gallōs virtūtis opīniō est singulāris, quī auxiliī causā ā cīvitāte missī ad Caesarem vēnerant, cum multitūdine hostium castra nostra complērī, legiōnēs premī et paene circumventās tenērī, cālōnēs, equitēs, funditōrēs, Numidās dīversōs dissipātōsque in omnēs partēs fugere vīdissent, dēspērātīs nostrīs rēbus domum contendērunt: Rōmānōs pulsōs superātōsque, castrīs impedīmentīsque eōrum hostēs potītōs cīvitātī renūntiāvērunt.
Shaken by all this, the Treveran cavalry, who have a unique reputation for courage among the Gauls and had been sent by their state to help Caesar, saw our camp filled with a mass of enemy, the legions hard pressed and almost surrounded, and servants, cavalry, slingers and Numidians scattered and fleeing in every direction; they gave up our cause as lost and hurried home: they reported to their state that the Romans had been beaten and defeated, and the enemy had taken their camp and baggage.
Note. Rōmānōs pulsōs … renūntiāvērunt: indirect statement with esse left out, 'they reported that the Romans had been beaten'.
Vocabulary
| īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. | the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| eques, equitis m. | horseman; (pl.) cavalry |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| levis, -e | light, slight |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| armātūra, -ae f. | armour, equipment (levis armātūra: light-armed troops) |
| pedes, peditis m. | foot soldier |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| ūnā | together, along |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| prīmus, -a, -um | first, foremost |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| impetus, -ūs, m. | attack; impetum facere, to charge |
| pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsus | drive, drive away, beat, rout |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover |
| adversus, -a, -um | facing; unfavourable, unsuccessful |
| occurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursus | run against, meet |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| rūrsus, adv. | again |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| fuga, -ae, f. | flight |
| petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītus | seek, ask; attack |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| cālō, -ōnis m. | soldier's servant, camp follower |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| decumānus, -a, -um | of the tenth (porta decumāna: the rear gate of a camp) |
| porta, -ae, f. | gate; door |
| summus, -a, -um | uppermost, highest, greatest |
| iugum, -ī, n. | yoke |
| collis, -is m. | hill |
| victor, -ōris m. | conqueror, victor |
| flūmen, -minis, n. | river |
| trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go across or over, cross |
| cōnspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectus | behold, perceive, see |
| praedor, -ārī, -ātus | plunder |
| causa, -ae, f. | cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of |
| ēgredior, -gredī, -gressus | go out or forth, go ashore, disembark |
| respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum | look back |
| versor, -ārī, -ātus | keep turning, be busy or employed, be |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| praeceps, -cipitis | headlong |
| mandō, -dāre, -dāvī, -dātus | put in hand, intrust, commit; charge, command |
| simul, adv. | at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as |
| impedīmentum, -ī n. | hindrance; (pl.) baggage |
| veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus | come |
| clāmor, -ōris, m. | shout, cry |
| fremitus, -ūs, m. | roaring, roar |
| orior, -īrī, -tus | arise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn |
| perterreō, -terrēre, -terrui, -territus | thoroughly frighten, terrify |
| ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus | bear, bring |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| permoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtum | move deeply, influence |
| inter, prep, with acc. | among, between |
| virtūs, -tūtis, f. | manliness, courage, bravery |
| opīniō, -ōnis, f. | opinion, expectation; reputation |
| singulāris, -e | single; remarkable |
| auxilium, -ī, n. | help, aid |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| multitūdō, -tūdinis, f. | multitude |
| compleō, -plēre, -plēvī, -plētus | fill full, fill up |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| premō, premere, pressī, pressus | press, check, restrain |
| paene, adv. | almost, nearly |
| circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum | surround |
| teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tus | hold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop |
| funditor, -ōris m. | slinger |
| dīversus, -a, -um | turned different ways, opposite, contrary, different |
| dissipō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | scatter |
| fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrus | flee, run away |
| dēspērō, -spērāre, -spērāvī, -spērātus | despair |
| domus, -ūs, f. | house, home |
| contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch, hasten |
| Rōmānus, -a, -um | Roman |
| superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | overcome, defeat, conquer |
| potior, -īrī, -ītus | become master of, get possession of |
| renūntiō, -nūntiāre, -nūntiāvī, -nūntiātus | bring back word, report, announce |