LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 2

De Bello Gallico 2.24

Panic in the camp

Caesar, De Bello Gallico II. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

Tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and track your reading.

Read in Lectitō

2.24.1Eōdem tempore equitēs nostrī levisque armātūrae peditēs, quī cum iīs ūnā fuerant, quōs prīmō hostium impetū pulsōs dīxeram, cum sē in castra reciperent, adversīs hostibus occurrēbant ac rūrsus aliam in partem fugam petēbant;

At the same time our cavalry and the light-armed infantry who had been with them, who I said had been driven back by the enemy's first attack, were retreating into the camp and ran into the enemy face to face, and fled again in another direction;

2.24.2et cālōnēs, quī ab decumānā portā ac summō iugō collis nostrōs victōrēs flūmen trānsīre cōnspexerant, praedandī causā ēgressī, cum respexissent et hostēs in nostrīs castrīs versārī vīdissent, praecipitēs fugae sēsē mandābant.

and the camp servants, who from the rear gate and the top of the hill had seen our men cross the river as victors, had gone out to plunder; when they looked back and saw the enemy moving about in our camp, they fled headlong.

2.24.3Simul eōrum quī cum impedīmentīs veniēbant clāmor fremitusque oriēbātur, aliīque aliam in partem perterritī ferēbantur.

At the same time shouting and uproar arose from those who were coming with the baggage, and they rushed in panic, some one way, some another.

2.24.4Quibus omnibus rēbus permōtī equitēs Trēverī, quōrum inter Gallōs virtūtis opīniō est singulāris, quī auxiliī causā ā cīvitāte missī ad Caesarem vēnerant, cum multitūdine hostium castra nostra complērī, legiōnēs premī et paene circumventās tenērī, cālōnēs, equitēs, funditōrēs, Numidās dīversōs dissipātōsque in omnēs partēs fugere vīdissent, dēspērātīs nostrīs rēbus domum contendērunt: Rōmānōs pulsōs superātōsque, castrīs impedīmentīsque eōrum hostēs potītōs cīvitātī renūntiāvērunt.

Shaken by all this, the Treveran cavalry, who have a unique reputation for courage among the Gauls and had been sent by their state to help Caesar, saw our camp filled with a mass of enemy, the legions hard pressed and almost surrounded, and servants, cavalry, slingers and Numidians scattered and fleeing in every direction; they gave up our cause as lost and hurried home: they reported to their state that the Romans had been beaten and defeated, and the enemy had taken their camp and baggage.

Note. Rōmānōs pulsōs … renūntiāvērunt: indirect statement with esse left out, 'they reported that the Romans had been beaten'.

Vocabulary

īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
noster, -tra, -trumour
levis, -elight, slight
que, enclitic conj.and
armātūra, -ae f.armour, equipment (levis armātūra: light-armed troops)
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
cum, prep, with abl.with
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ūnātogether, along
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
occurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun against, meet
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
rūrsus, adv.again
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
fuga, -ae, f.flight
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
cālō, -ōnis m.soldier's servant, camp follower
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
decumānus, -a, -umof the tenth (porta decumāna: the rear gate of a camp)
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
iugum, -ī, n.yoke
collis, -is m.hill
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
flūmen, -minis, n.river
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
cōnspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectusbehold, perceive, see
praedor, -ārī, -ātusplunder
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
ēgredior, -gredī, -gressusgo out or forth, go ashore, disembark
respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumlook back
versor, -ārī, -ātuskeep turning, be busy or employed, be
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
praeceps, -cipitisheadlong
mandō, -dāre, -dāvī, -dātusput in hand, intrust, commit; charge, command
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
impedīmentum, -ī n.hindrance; (pl.) baggage
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
fremitus, -ūs, m.roaring, roar
orior, -īrī, -tusarise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn
perterreō, -terrēre, -terrui, -territusthoroughly frighten, terrify
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
omnis, -eall, every
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
permoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtummove deeply, influence
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
opīniō, -ōnis, f.opinion, expectation; reputation
singulāris, -esingle; remarkable
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
compleō, -plēre, -plēvī, -plētusfill full, fill up
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
paene, adv.almost, nearly
circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumsurround
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
funditor, -ōris m.slinger
dīversus, -a, -umturned different ways, opposite, contrary, different
dissipō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumscatter
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
dēspērō, -spērāre, -spērāvī, -spērātusdespair
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
potior, -īrī, -ītusbecome master of, get possession of
renūntiō, -nūntiāre, -nūntiāvī, -nūntiātusbring back word, report, announce
Advertisement
Caesar, De Bello Gallico II. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.