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De Bello Gallico 2.18

The ground by the Sabis

Caesar, De Bello Gallico II. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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2.18.1Locī nātūra erat haec, quem locum nostrī castrīs dēlēgerant.

The nature of the ground which our men had chosen for the camp was this.

Note. Locī nātūra erat haec: 'the nature of the place was as follows'. haec points forward to the description.

2.18.1Collis ab summō aequāliter dēclīvis ad flūmen Sabim, quod suprā nōmināvimus, vergēbat.

A hill sloped down evenly from the top to the river Sabis, which we mentioned above.

2.18.2Ab eō flūmine parī acclīvitāte collis nāscēbātur adversus huic et contrārius, passūs circiter CC īnfimus apertus, ab superiōre parte silvestris, ut nōn facile intrōrsus perspicī posset.

From that river a hill of equal slope rose opposite and facing it, open at the bottom for about two hundred paces, wooded in its upper part, so that it was not easy to see inside.

Note. passūs circiter CC: accusative of extent, 'for about two hundred paces'. ut … perspicī posset is a result clause.

2.18.3Intrā eās silvās hostēs in occultō sēsē continēbant;

Inside these woods the enemy kept themselves in hiding;

2.18.3in apertō locō secundum flūmen paucae statiōnēs equitum vidēbantur.

in the open ground along the river a few cavalry outposts could be seen.

2.18.3Flūminis erat altitūdō pedum circiter trium.

The depth of the river was about three feet.

Vocabulary

locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
noster, -tra, -trumour
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
dēligō, -ligere, -lēgī, -lēctuschoose out, choose, select
collis, -is m.hill
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
aequāliter (adv.)evenly
dēclīvis, -esloping down
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
flūmen, -minis, n.river
suprā, adv. and prep. with acc.above, before
nōminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumname, mention
vergō, -ereslope, lie (toward)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
pār, parisequal
acclīvitās, -ātis f.upward slope
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
contrārius, -a, -umopposite, facing
passus, -ūs, m.pace (mīlia passuum: miles)
circiter, prep. with acc. and adv.about
Roman numerala number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000
īnfimus, -a, -umlowest (īnfimus collis: the foot of the hill)
apertus, -a, -umopen
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
silvestris, -ewooded
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
nōn, adv.not
facile, adv.easily
intrōrsus (adv.)inside, within
perspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumsee clearly, observe
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
intrā, prep. with acc.within
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
occultum, -ī n.hiding place (in occultō: in secret)
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold together, keep within, shut up in; bound
secundum (prep. + acc.)after, besides; along
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
statiō, -ōnis f.outpost, picket
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
altitūdō, -inis f.height; depth
pēs, pedis, m.foot
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico II. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.