Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 1
De Bello Gallico 1.5
The Helvetii burn their towns
Caesar, De Bello Gallico I. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
Tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and track your reading.
Read in Lectitō1.5.1Post eius mortem nihilō minus Helvētiī id quod cōnstituerant facere cōnantur, ut ē fīnibus suīs exeant.
After his death the Helvetii nonetheless try to do what they had decided, namely to leave their territory.
1.5.2Ubi iam sē ad eam rem parātōs esse arbitrātī sunt, oppida sua omnia, numerō ad duodecim, vīcōs ad quadringentōs, reliqua prīvāta aedificia incendunt;
When they thought they were at last ready for this, they set fire to all their towns, about twelve in number, about four hundred villages, and the remaining private buildings;
Note. Ubi, 'when', here takes the indicative. numerō ad duodecim: ad with a number means 'about'.
1.5.3frūmentum omne, praeter quod sēcum portātūrī erant, combūrunt, ut domum reditiōnis spē sublātā parātiōrēs ad omnia perīcula subeunda essent;
they burn all their grain except what they were going to carry with them, so that, with the hope of returning home taken away, they would be more ready to face every danger;
Note. domum reditiōnis spē sublātā is an ablative absolute: 'with the hope of returning home removed'. ad … perīcula subeunda: gerundive of purpose.
1.5.3trium mēnsum molita cibāria sibi quemque domō efferre iubent.
they order each man to bring from home three months' ground provisions for himself.
1.5.3Persuādent Rauracīs et Tulingīs et Latobrigīs fīnitimīs, utī eōdem ūsī cōnsiliō oppidīs suīs vīcīsque exūstīs ūnā cum iīs proficīscantur, Boiōsque, quī trāns Rhēnum incoluerant et in agrum Nōricum trānsierant Nōrēiamque oppugnābant, receptōs ad sē sociōs sibi adscīscunt.
They persuade the Rauraci, Tulingi and Latobrigi, their neighbours, to adopt the same plan, burn their towns and villages, and set out with them; and they take in the Boii, who had lived across the Rhine, had crossed into the land of Noricum and were attacking Noreia, and make them their allies.
Note. eōdem ūsī cōnsiliō: ūtor takes the ablative, 'using the same plan'. oppidīs … exustīs is an ablative absolute.
Vocabulary
| post, adv. | after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| mors, mortīs, f. | death |
| nihil, n., indecl. | nothing |
| minus, comp. adv. | less |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtus | set together or up; appoint; determine |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| cōnor, -ārī, -ātus | try, attempt |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| fīnis, -is, m. | end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| exeō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go out |
| ubi, adv. | where; conj., when |
| iam, adv. | now, already |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| parātus, -a, -um | prepared, equipped, ready |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| arbitror, -ārī, -ātus | consider, think, judge |
| oppidum, -ī, n. | town |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| numerus, -ī, m. | number |
| duodecim, indecl. adj. | twelve |
| vīcus, -ī, m. | village |
| quadringentī, -ae, -a | four hundred |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| prīvātus, -a, -um | private |
| aedificium, -ī n. | building |
| incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsum | set on fire, burn |
| frūmentum, -ī, n. | grain |
| praeter, prep. with acc. | before, past, by; besides, except |
| portō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | carry |
| combūrō, -ere, -ussī, -ustum | burn up |
| domus, -ūs, f. | house, home |
| reditiō, -ōnis f. | return, going back |
| spēs, speī, f. | hope |
| tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātus | lift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor |
| perīculum, -ī, n. | danger, peril, risk |
| subeō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear, endure |
| trēs, tria, plur. adj. | three |
| mēnsis, -is m. | month |
| molō, -ere, moluī, molitum | grind |
| cibāria, -ōrum n. pl. | provisions, food |
| quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron. | each |
| efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātum | carry out, bring out |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus | bid, order, command |
| persuādeō, -suādēre, -suāsi, -suāsus | persuade, prevail upon, induce |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| fīnitimus, -a, -um | neighboring, adjoining |
| īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. | the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also |
| ūtor, ūtī, ūsus | use |
| cōnsilium, -ī, n. | advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| exūrō, -ere, -ussī, -ustum | burn down |
| ūnā | together, along |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sum | set out, depart, march |
| trāns, prep. with acc. | across, over |
| incolō, -colere, -coluī | inhabit |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| ager, agri, m. | field, land |
| Nōricus, -a, -um | of Noricum (modern Austria) |
| trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go across or over, cross |
| oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | attack, besiege |
| recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover |
| socius, -ī, m. | companion, comrade, ally |
| ascīscō, -ere, -scīvī, -scītum | take on, adopt, admit |