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De Bello Gallico 1.5

The Helvetii burn their towns

Caesar, De Bello Gallico I. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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1.5.1Post eius mortem nihilō minus Helvētiī id quod cōnstituerant facere cōnantur, ut ē fīnibus suīs exeant.

After his death the Helvetii nonetheless try to do what they had decided, namely to leave their territory.

1.5.2Ubi iam sē ad eam rem parātōs esse arbitrātī sunt, oppida sua omnia, numerō ad duodecim, vīcōs ad quadringentōs, reliqua prīvāta aedificia incendunt;

When they thought they were at last ready for this, they set fire to all their towns, about twelve in number, about four hundred villages, and the remaining private buildings;

Note. Ubi, 'when', here takes the indicative. numerō ad duodecim: ad with a number means 'about'.

1.5.3frūmentum omne, praeter quod sēcum portātūrī erant, combūrunt, ut domum reditiōnis spē sublātā parātiōrēs ad omnia perīcula subeunda essent;

they burn all their grain except what they were going to carry with them, so that, with the hope of returning home taken away, they would be more ready to face every danger;

Note. domum reditiōnis spē sublātā is an ablative absolute: 'with the hope of returning home removed'. ad … perīcula subeunda: gerundive of purpose.

1.5.3trium mēnsum molita cibāria sibi quemque domō efferre iubent.

they order each man to bring from home three months' ground provisions for himself.

1.5.3Persuādent Rauracīs et Tulingīs et Latobrigīs fīnitimīs, utī eōdem ūsī cōnsiliō oppidīs suīs vīcīsque exūstīs ūnā cum iīs proficīscantur, Boiōsque, quī trāns Rhēnum incoluerant et in agrum Nōricum trānsierant Nōrēiamque oppugnābant, receptōs ad sē sociōs sibi adscīscunt.

They persuade the Rauraci, Tulingi and Latobrigi, their neighbours, to adopt the same plan, burn their towns and villages, and set out with them; and they take in the Boii, who had lived across the Rhine, had crossed into the land of Noricum and were attacking Noreia, and make them their allies.

Note. eōdem ūsī cōnsiliō: ūtor takes the ablative, 'using the same plan'. oppidīs … exustīs is an ablative absolute.

Vocabulary

post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
mors, mortīs, f.death
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
minus, comp. adv.less
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset together or up; appoint; determine
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
cōnor, -ārī, -ātustry, attempt
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
exeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo out
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
iam, adv.now, already
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
parātus, -a, -umprepared, equipped, ready
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
oppidum, -ī, n.town
omnis, -eall, every
numerus, -ī, m.number
duodecim, indecl. adj.twelve
vīcus, -ī, m.village
quadringentī, -ae, -afour hundred
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
aedificium, -ī n.building
incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsumset on fire, burn
frūmentum, -ī, n.grain
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
portō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcarry
combūrō, -ere, -ussī, -ustumburn up
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
reditiō, -ōnis f.return, going back
spēs, speī, f.hope
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
subeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear, endure
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
mēnsis, -is m.month
molō, -ere, moluī, molitumgrind
cibāria, -ōrum n. pl.provisions, food
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
persuādeō, -suādēre, -suāsi, -suāsuspersuade, prevail upon, induce
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
fīnitimus, -a, -umneighboring, adjoining
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
que, enclitic conj.and
exūrō, -ere, -ussī, -ustumburn down
ūnātogether, along
cum, prep, with abl.with
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
trāns, prep. with acc.across, over
incolō, -colere, -coluīinhabit
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
ager, agri, m.field, land
Nōricus, -a, -umof Noricum (modern Austria)
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
ascīscō, -ere, -scīvī, -scītumtake on, adopt, admit
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico I. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.