Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 1
De Bello Gallico 1.41
The army marches
Caesar, De Bello Gallico I. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō1.41.1Hāc ōrātiōne habitā mīrum in modum conversae sunt omnium mentēs summaque alacritās et cupiditās bellī gerendī innāta est, prīncepsque X. legiō per tribūnōs mīlitum eī grātiās ēgit quod dē sē optimum iūdicium fēcisset, sēque esse ad bellum gerendum parātissimam cōnfirmāvit.
After this speech, everyone's mind was changed in a remarkable way, and the greatest eagerness and desire to fight sprang up; the tenth legion was the first to thank him through its military tribunes for his very high opinion of it, and declared that it was fully ready to fight.
Note. mīrum in modum: 'in a wonderful way'. X. legiō is decima legiō, 'the tenth legion'.
1.41.3Deinde reliquae legiōnēs cum tribūnīs mīlitum et prīmōrum ōrdinum centuriōnibus ēgērunt utī Caesarī satis facerent: sē neque umquam dubitāsse neque timuisse neque dē summā bellī suum iūdicium sed imperātōris esse exīstimāvisse.
Then the other legions, through their military tribunes and the centurions of the first ranks, arranged to make their apologies to Caesar: they had never doubted or feared, they said, nor thought that the conduct of the war was their business rather than their general's.
1.41.4Eōrum satisfactiōne acceptā et itinere exquīsītō per Dīviciācum, quod ex Gallīs eī maximam fidem habēbat, ut mīlium amplius quīnquāgintā circuitū locīs apertīs exercitum dūceret, dē quārta vigiliā, ut dīxerat, profectus est.
Their apology was accepted, and the route was explored by Diviciacus, because of all the Gauls Caesar trusted him most, so that he could lead the army through open country by a detour of more than fifty miles; then, as he had said, Caesar set out in the fourth watch.
Note. mīlium amplius quīnquāgintā circuitū: 'by a detour of more than fifty miles'.
1.41.5Septimō diē, cum iter nōn intermitteret, ab explōrātōribus certior factus est Ariovistī cōpiās ā nostrīs mīlia passuum IIII et XX abesse.
On the seventh day, as he kept on marching without a break, he learned from scouts that Ariovistus's forces were twenty-four miles from ours.
Vocabulary
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| ōrātiō, -ōnis, f. | speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| mīrus, -a, -um | wonderful, strange |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| modus, -ī, m. | way, manner |
| convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versus | turn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| mēns, mentis f. | mind, spirit |
| summus, -a, -um | uppermost, highest, greatest |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| alacritās, -ātis f. | eagerness, enthusiasm |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| cupiditās, -tātis, f. | desire, longing, eagerness |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus | carry, wear; carry on, do |
| innāscor, -ī, -nātus sum | be born in, arise in |
| prīnceps, -ipis | first, chief; as noun: leader |
| decimus, -a, -um | tenth |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| tribūnus, -ī m. | tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion) |
| mīles, mīlitis, m. | soldier |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| grātia, -ae, f. | favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite |
| agō, agere, ēgī, āctus | drive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| bonus, -a, -um | good |
| iūdicium, -ī n. | trial, court; judgment |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| parātus, -a, -um | prepared, equipped, ready |
| cōnfirmō, -firmāre, -firmāvī, -firmātus | strengthen, establish; declare, assert |
| deinde, adv. | then, next |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| prīmus, -a, -um | first, foremost |
| ōrdō, ōrdinis, m. | arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order |
| centuriō, -ōnis m. | centurion (officer commanding about 80 men) |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| satis, adv. | enough, sufficiently |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| umquam, adv. | ever |
| dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | doubt, hesitate |
| timeō, -ēre, -uī | fear |
| summa, -ae f. | total, sum; supreme command |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| sed, conj. | but |
| imperātor, -ōris, m. | commander, general |
| exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | consider, believe, think |
| satisfactiō, -ōnis f. | apology, excuse |
| accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer |
| iter, itineris, n. | a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march |
| exquīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītum | search out, find out |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| fidēs, -eī f. | faith, trust; pledge |
| mīlle, indecl. adj. | a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands; |
| amplius (adv.) | more, further |
| quīnquāgintā, indecl. adj. | fifty |
| circuitus, -ūs m. | way around, circuit |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| apertus, -a, -um | open |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus | lead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry |
| quartus, -a, -um | fourth |
| vigilia, -ae, f. | watch |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sum | set out, depart, march |
| septimus, -a, -um | seventh |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| intermittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | leave off, interrupt; let pass; pass., be left between, intervene, elapse |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| explōrātor, -ōris, m. | explorer, scout, spy |
| certus, -a, -um | determined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform |
| cōpia, -ae, f. | supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| passus, -ūs, m. | pace (mīlia passuum: miles) |
| Roman numeral | a number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000 |
| absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus | be away, be absent, be distant; be wanting |