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De Bello Gallico 1.30

The Gauls congratulate Caesar

Caesar, De Bello Gallico I. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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1.30.1Bellō Helvētiōrum cōnfectō tōtīus ferē Galliae lēgātī, prīncipēs cīvitātum, ad Caesarem grātulātum convēnērunt: intellegere sēsē, tametsī prō veteribus Helvētiōrum iniūriīs populī Rōmānī ab hīs poenās bellō repetīsset, tamen eam rem nōn minus ex ūsū terrae Galliae quam populī Rōmānī accidisse, proptereā quod eō cōnsiliō flōrentissimīs rēbus domōs suās Helvētiī relīquissent utī tōtī Galliae bellum īnferrent imperiōque potīrentur, locumque domiciliō ex magnā cōpiā dēligerent quem ex omnī Galliā oportūnissimum ac frūctuōsissimum iūdicāssent, reliquāsque cīvitātēs stīpendiāriās habērent.

When the war with the Helvetii was over, envoys from almost all of Gaul, the leading men of the states, came to Caesar to congratulate him: they understood, they said, that although he had exacted the penalty from the Helvetii in war for their old wrongs against the Roman people, this had turned out to the advantage of the land of Gaul no less than of the Roman people, because the Helvetii had left their homes while their affairs were flourishing with the plan of making war on all Gaul and gaining control of it, choosing out of a great range the place to live which they judged the most convenient and fruitful in all Gaul, and holding the remaining states as tributaries.

Note. grātulātum is a supine of purpose after a verb of motion: 'came to congratulate'. From intellegere on, the envoys' words are in indirect speech.

1.30.4Petiērunt utī sibi concilium tōtīus Galliae in diem certam indīcere idque Caesaris facere voluntāte licēret: sēsē habēre quāsdam rēs quās ex commūnī cōnsēnsū ab eō petere vellent.

They asked to be allowed to call a council of all Gaul for a fixed day, and to do so with Caesar's consent: they had certain matters which they wished to ask of him by common agreement.

Note. Petiērunt utī … licēret: an indirect request, 'they asked that it be allowed'. in diem certam: 'for a fixed day' (diēs is feminine when it means an appointed day).

1.30.5Eā rē permissā diem conciliō cōnstituērunt et iūre iūrandō nē quis ēnūntiāret, nisi quibus commūnī cōnsiliō mandātum esset, inter sē sānxērunt.

When this was granted, they set a day for the council and bound themselves to each other by an oath that no one would reveal its business except those to whom this was entrusted by common decision.

Note. iūre iūrandō: 'by an oath'. nē quis ēnūntiāret: 'that no one should reveal'; after nē, quis means 'anyone'.

Vocabulary

bellum, -ī, n.war
cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
grātulor, -ārī, -ātus sumcongratulate
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
tametsī (conj.)although
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
vetus, veterisold, former
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
nōn, adv.not
minus, comp. adv.less
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
proptereāfor this reason; proptereā quod: because
quod, conj.that, in that, because
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
flōrēns, -entisflourishing, prosperous
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
que, enclitic conj.and
potior, -īrī, -ītusbecome master of, get possession of
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
domicilium, -ī n.home, dwelling place
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
dēligō, -ligere, -lēgī, -lēctuschoose out, choose, select
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
omnis, -eall, every
opportūnus, -a, -umsuitable, seasonable, convenient, opportune
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
frūctuōsus, -a, -umfruitful, productive
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
stīpendiārius, -a, -umpaying tribute
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
concilium, -ī n.meeting, council
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
indīcō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictumproclaim, call (a meeting)
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
cōnsēnsus, -ūs, m.agreement, consent
volō, velle, voluīwish
permittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumallow, permit; entrust
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset together or up; appoint; determine
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
iūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusswear; iūs iūrandum, oath
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
ēnūntiō, -nūntiāre, -nūntiāvī, -nūntiātusspeak out, announce, make known
nisi, conj.if not, unless
mandō, -dāre, -dāvī, -dātusput in hand, intrust, commit; charge, command
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
sanciō, -īre, sānxī, sānctummake binding, ratify
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico I. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.