Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 1
De Bello Gallico 1.30
The Gauls congratulate Caesar
Caesar, De Bello Gallico I. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō1.30.1Bellō Helvētiōrum cōnfectō tōtīus ferē Galliae lēgātī, prīncipēs cīvitātum, ad Caesarem grātulātum convēnērunt: intellegere sēsē, tametsī prō veteribus Helvētiōrum iniūriīs populī Rōmānī ab hīs poenās bellō repetīsset, tamen eam rem nōn minus ex ūsū terrae Galliae quam populī Rōmānī accidisse, proptereā quod eō cōnsiliō flōrentissimīs rēbus domōs suās Helvētiī relīquissent utī tōtī Galliae bellum īnferrent imperiōque potīrentur, locumque domiciliō ex magnā cōpiā dēligerent quem ex omnī Galliā oportūnissimum ac frūctuōsissimum iūdicāssent, reliquāsque cīvitātēs stīpendiāriās habērent.
When the war with the Helvetii was over, envoys from almost all of Gaul, the leading men of the states, came to Caesar to congratulate him: they understood, they said, that although he had exacted the penalty from the Helvetii in war for their old wrongs against the Roman people, this had turned out to the advantage of the land of Gaul no less than of the Roman people, because the Helvetii had left their homes while their affairs were flourishing with the plan of making war on all Gaul and gaining control of it, choosing out of a great range the place to live which they judged the most convenient and fruitful in all Gaul, and holding the remaining states as tributaries.
Note. grātulātum is a supine of purpose after a verb of motion: 'came to congratulate'. From intellegere on, the envoys' words are in indirect speech.
1.30.4Petiērunt utī sibi concilium tōtīus Galliae in diem certam indīcere idque Caesaris facere voluntāte licēret: sēsē habēre quāsdam rēs quās ex commūnī cōnsēnsū ab eō petere vellent.
They asked to be allowed to call a council of all Gaul for a fixed day, and to do so with Caesar's consent: they had certain matters which they wished to ask of him by common agreement.
Note. Petiērunt utī … licēret: an indirect request, 'they asked that it be allowed'. in diem certam: 'for a fixed day' (diēs is feminine when it means an appointed day).
1.30.5Eā rē permissā diem conciliō cōnstituērunt et iūre iūrandō nē quis ēnūntiāret, nisi quibus commūnī cōnsiliō mandātum esset, inter sē sānxērunt.
When this was granted, they set a day for the council and bound themselves to each other by an oath that no one would reveal its business except those to whom this was entrusted by common decision.
Note. iūre iūrandō: 'by an oath'. nē quis ēnūntiāret: 'that no one should reveal'; after nē, quis means 'anyone'.
Vocabulary
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | make or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out |
| tōtus, -a, -um | all the, the whole or entire |
| ferē, adv. | nearly, about, almost, for the most part |
| lēgātus, -ī, m. | ambassador |
| prīnceps, -ipis | first, chief; as noun: leader |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| grātulor, -ārī, -ātus sum | congratulate |
| conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come together, assemble |
| intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctus | perceive, understand |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| tametsī (conj.) | although |
| prō, prep. with abl. | before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for |
| vetus, veteris | old, former |
| iniūria, -ae, f. | injury, wrong, hurt, harm |
| populus, -ī m. | people, nation |
| Rōmānus, -a, -um | Roman |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| poena, -ae, f. | penalty, punishment |
| repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītum | demand back; seek again |
| tamen, adv. | however, yet, nevertheless |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| minus, comp. adv. | less |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| ūsus, -ūs, m. | use; experience |
| terra, -ae, f. | land, earth |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| accidō, -cidere, -cidī | fall to or upon; befall, happen |
| proptereā | for this reason; proptereā quod: because |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| cōnsilium, -ī, n. | advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence |
| flōrēns, -entis | flourishing, prosperous |
| domus, -ūs, f. | house, home |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictus | leave behind, leave |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātus | bring in or against, wage against; inflict |
| imperium, -ī, n. | command; sway, rule |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| potior, -īrī, -ītus | become master of, get possession of |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| domicilium, -ī n. | home, dwelling place |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| cōpia, -ae, f. | supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops |
| dēligō, -ligere, -lēgī, -lēctus | choose out, choose, select |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| opportūnus, -a, -um | suitable, seasonable, convenient, opportune |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| frūctuōsus, -a, -um | fruitful, productive |
| iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | judge, decide |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| stīpendiārius, -a, -um | paying tribute |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītus | seek, ask; attack |
| concilium, -ī n. | meeting, council |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| certus, -a, -um | determined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform |
| indīcō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictum | proclaim, call (a meeting) |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| voluntās, -tātis, f. | wish, will |
| licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers. | is lawful or permitted |
| quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron. | a certain, certain |
| commūnis, -e | common, shared, public |
| cōnsēnsus, -ūs, m. | agreement, consent |
| volō, velle, voluī | wish |
| permittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum | allow, permit; entrust |
| cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtus | set together or up; appoint; determine |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| iūs, iūris, n. | right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath |
| iūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | swear; iūs iūrandum, oath |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| quis, qua, quid, indef. pron. | any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something |
| ēnūntiō, -nūntiāre, -nūntiāvī, -nūntiātus | speak out, announce, make known |
| nisi, conj. | if not, unless |
| mandō, -dāre, -dāvī, -dātus | put in hand, intrust, commit; charge, command |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| inter, prep, with acc. | among, between |
| sanciō, -īre, sānxī, sānctum | make binding, ratify |