LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 1

De Bello Gallico 1.24

The battle lines

Caesar, De Bello Gallico I. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

Tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and track your reading.

Read in Lectitō

1.24.1Postquam id animum advertit, cōpiās suās Caesar in proximum collem subdūxit equitātumque, quī sustinēret hostium impetum, mīsit.

When he noticed this, Caesar withdrew his forces to the nearest hill and sent his cavalry to hold off the enemy's attack.

1.24.2Ipse interim in colle mediō triplicem aciem īnstrūxit legiōnum quattuor veterānārum;

Meanwhile he himself drew up a triple battle line of his four veteran legions halfway up the hill;

1.24.2in summō iugō duās legiōnēs quās in Galliā citeriōre proximē cōnscrīpserat et omnia auxilia conlocāvit, ita ut suprā sē tōtum montem hominibus complēret;

on the top of the ridge he placed the two legions he had recently enrolled in Nearer Gaul and all the auxiliaries, so that he filled the whole hill above him with men;

1.24.3impedīmenta sarcināsque in ūnum locum cōnferrī et eum ab iīs quī in superiōre aciē cōnstiterant mūnīrī iussit.

he ordered the baggage and packs to be collected in one place and that place to be fortified by those posted in the upper line.

1.24.4Helvētiī cum omnibus suīs carrīs secūtī impedīmenta in ūnum locum contulērunt;

The Helvetii, following with all their wagons, gathered their baggage in one place;

1.24.4ipsī cōnfertissimā aciē, rēiectō nostrō equitātū, phalange factā sub prīmam nostram aciem successērunt.

they themselves, in very close order, drove back our cavalry, formed a phalanx and came up against our front line.

Note. phalange factā: 'forming a phalanx', a dense block of men with shields locked together.

Vocabulary

postquam, conj.later than, after, when
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
advertō, -ere, advertī, adversumturn toward (animum advertere: notice)
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
collis, -is m.hill
subdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductusdraw up, beach
equitātus, -ūs m.cavalry
que, enclitic conj.and
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
interim (adv.)meanwhile
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
triplex, -icisthreefold, triple
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild in or into; draw up; equip, furnish,
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
veterānus, -a, -umveteran
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
iugum, -ī, n.yoke
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
citerior, -ius, adj.on this side, hither
proximē (adv.)most recently; nearest
cōnscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptumenlist, enroll
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
omnis, -eall, every
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
collocō (conlocō), -āre, -āvī, -ātumplace, station; give in marriage
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
suprā, adv. and prep. with acc.above, before
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
mōns, montis, m.mountain
homō, hominis, m.man
compleō, -plēre, -plēvī, -plētusfill full, fill up
impedīmentum, -ī n.hindrance; (pl.) baggage
sarcina, -ae f.pack; (pl.) soldiers' kit
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitusstation oneself, take one's stand; consist
mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfortify
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
cum, prep, with abl.with
carrus, -ī m.wagon, cart
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
cōnfertus, -a, -umcrowded, close-packed
rēiciō, -ere, rēiēcī, rēiectumthrow back, drive back
noster, -tra, -trumour
phalanx, -angis f.phalanx, close battle formation
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
succēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo or come under, follow after, succeed
Advertisement
Caesar, De Bello Gallico I. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.