Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 1
De Bello Gallico 1.24
The battle lines
Caesar, De Bello Gallico I. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō1.24.1Postquam id animum advertit, cōpiās suās Caesar in proximum collem subdūxit equitātumque, quī sustinēret hostium impetum, mīsit.
When he noticed this, Caesar withdrew his forces to the nearest hill and sent his cavalry to hold off the enemy's attack.
1.24.2Ipse interim in colle mediō triplicem aciem īnstrūxit legiōnum quattuor veterānārum;
Meanwhile he himself drew up a triple battle line of his four veteran legions halfway up the hill;
1.24.2in summō iugō duās legiōnēs quās in Galliā citeriōre proximē cōnscrīpserat et omnia auxilia conlocāvit, ita ut suprā sē tōtum montem hominibus complēret;
on the top of the ridge he placed the two legions he had recently enrolled in Nearer Gaul and all the auxiliaries, so that he filled the whole hill above him with men;
1.24.3impedīmenta sarcināsque in ūnum locum cōnferrī et eum ab iīs quī in superiōre aciē cōnstiterant mūnīrī iussit.
he ordered the baggage and packs to be collected in one place and that place to be fortified by those posted in the upper line.
1.24.4Helvētiī cum omnibus suīs carrīs secūtī impedīmenta in ūnum locum contulērunt;
The Helvetii, following with all their wagons, gathered their baggage in one place;
1.24.4ipsī cōnfertissimā aciē, rēiectō nostrō equitātū, phalange factā sub prīmam nostram aciem successērunt.
they themselves, in very close order, drove back our cavalry, formed a phalanx and came up against our front line.
Note. phalange factā: 'forming a phalanx', a dense block of men with shields locked together.
Vocabulary
| postquam, conj. | later than, after, when |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| animus, -ī, m. | mind; heart; spirit, courage |
| advertō, -ere, advertī, adversum | turn toward (animum advertere: notice) |
| cōpia, -ae, f. | supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| proximus, -a, -um | nearest, next |
| collis, -is m. | hill |
| subdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | draw up, beach |
| equitātus, -ūs m. | cavalry |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus | hold or bear up, sustain, withstand |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| impetus, -ūs, m. | attack; impetum facere, to charge |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| interim (adv.) | meanwhile |
| medius, -a, -um | mid, middle |
| triplex, -icis | threefold, triple |
| aciēs, -ēī, f. | line of battle |
| īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctus | build in or into; draw up; equip, furnish, |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| quattuor, indecl. adj. | four |
| veterānus, -a, -um | veteran |
| summus, -a, -um | uppermost, highest, greatest |
| iugum, -ī, n. | yoke |
| duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj. | two |
| citerior, -ius, adj. | on this side, hither |
| proximē (adv.) | most recently; nearest |
| cōnscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptum | enlist, enroll |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| auxilium, -ī, n. | help, aid |
| collocō (conlocō), -āre, -āvī, -ātum | place, station; give in marriage |
| ita, adv. | in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| suprā, adv. and prep. with acc. | above, before |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| tōtus, -a, -um | all the, the whole or entire |
| mōns, montis, m. | mountain |
| homō, hominis, m. | man |
| compleō, -plēre, -plēvī, -plētus | fill full, fill up |
| impedīmentum, -ī n. | hindrance; (pl.) baggage |
| sarcina, -ae f. | pack; (pl.) soldiers' kit |
| ūnus, -a, -um | one; only, alone |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātus | bring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| superior, -ius, adj. | higher; former, previous, preceding |
| cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitus | station oneself, take one's stand; consist |
| mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | fortify |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus | bid, order, command |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| carrus, -ī m. | wagon, cart |
| sequor, sequī, secūtus | follow |
| cōnfertus, -a, -um | crowded, close-packed |
| rēiciō, -ere, rēiēcī, rēiectum | throw back, drive back |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| phalanx, -angis f. | phalanx, close battle formation |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| sub, prep. with acc. and abl. | under; sub vesperum, towards evening |
| prīmus, -a, -um | first, foremost |
| succēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessus | go or come under, follow after, succeed |