LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 1

De Bello Gallico 1.21

A night march

Caesar, De Bello Gallico I. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

Tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and track your reading.

Read in Lectitō

1.21.1Eōdem diē ab explōrātōribus certior factus hostēs sub monte cōnsēdisse mīlia passuum ab ipsīus castrīs octō, quālis esset nātūra montis et quālis in circuitū ascēnsus quī cognōscerent mīsit.

On the same day, informed by scouts that the enemy had camped at the foot of a hill eight miles from his own camp, he sent men to find out what the hill was like and what the climb was like all round it.

1.21.2Renūntiātum est facilem esse.

It was reported that it was easy.

Note. Renūntiātum est: impersonal passive, 'it was reported'. The subject of facilem esse is the climb (ascēnsum) from the sentence before.

1.21.2Dē tertiā vigiliā T. Labiēnum, lēgātum prō praetōre, cum duābus legiōnibus et iīs ducibus quī iter cognōverant summum iugum montis ascendere iubet;

In the third watch of the night he orders Titus Labienus, his officer with the powers of a praetor, to climb to the top of the ridge with two legions, taking as guides those who had learned the route;

1.21.2quid suī cōnsiliī sit ostendit.

he shows him what his plan is.

Note. quid suī cōnsiliī sit: 'what his plan is', literally 'what of his plan there is'.

1.21.3Ipse dē quārta vigiliā eōdem itinere quō hostēs ierant ad eōs contendit equitātumque omnem ante sē mittit.

He himself in the fourth watch hurries toward the enemy by the same route they had taken, and sends all his cavalry ahead of him.

1.21.4P. Cōnsidius, quī reī mīlitāris perītissimus habēbātur et in exercitū L. Sullae et posteā in M. Crassī fuerat, cum explōrātōribus praemittitur.

Publius Considius, who was thought to be very skilled in military matters and had served in the army of Lucius Sulla and later in that of Marcus Crassus, is sent ahead with the scouts.

Vocabulary

īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
explōrātor, -ōris, m.explorer, scout, spy
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
mōns, montis, m.mountain
cōnsīdō, -sīdere, -sēdī, -sessussit down
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
passus, -ūs, m.pace (mīlia passuum: miles)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
octō (indecl.)eight
quālis, -eof what sort? what kind of?
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
circuitus, -ūs m.way around, circuit
ascēnsus, -ūs m.way up, climb
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
renūntiō, -nūntiāre, -nūntiāvī, -nūntiātusbring back word, report, announce
facilis, -e (comp. facilior)easy
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
tertius, -a, -umthird
vigilia, -ae, f.watch
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
praetor, -ōris m.praetor (legātus prō praetōre: officer with a praetor's powers)
cum, prep, with abl.with
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
iugum, -ī, n.yoke
ascendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsusclimb to, ascend, mount
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out before, show, explain
quartus, -a, -umfourth
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
equitātus, -ūs m.cavalry
que, enclitic conj.and
omnis, -eall, every
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
perītus, -a, -um (+ gen.)skilled, experienced (in)
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
posteā, adv.after this, afterwards
praemittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend ahead
Advertisement
Caesar, De Bello Gallico I. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.