Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Civil War, Book 3
De Bello Civili 3.7
Bibulus too late
Caesar, De Bello Civili III. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in LectitōBC 3.7.1Erat Ōricī Lucrētius Vespillō et Minucius Rūfus cum Asiāticīs nāvibus xviii, quibus iussū D. Laeliī praeerant, M. Bibulus cum nāvibus cx Corcȳrae.
Lucretius Vespillo and Minucius Rufus were at Oricum with eighteen Asian ships, which they commanded on the orders of Decimus Laelius, and Marcus Bibulus was at Corcyra with a hundred and ten ships.
Note. Ōricī, Corcȳrae: locatives. xviii: duodēvīgintī, 'eighteen'; cx: centum decem, 'a hundred and ten'. iussū: 'by order', used only in the ablative.
BC 3.7.2sed neque hī sibi cōnfīsī ex portū prōdīre sunt ausī, cum Caesar omnīnō xii nāvēs longās praesidiō dūxisset, in quibus erant cōnstrātae iiii, neque Bibulus impedītīs nāvibus dispersīsque rēmigibus satis mātūrē occurrit, quod prius ad continentem vīsus est Caesar, quam dē eius adventū fāma omnīnō in eās regiōnēs perferrētur.
But neither did the former dare to come out of the harbour, not trusting themselves, although Caesar had brought only twelve warships as escort, of which four were decked, nor did Bibulus, with his ships unready and his oarsmen scattered, come to meet him in time, because Caesar was seen at the mainland before any report at all of his arrival reached those regions.
Note. neque … neque: 'neither did they … nor did Bibulus'. cōnstrātae: 'decked', fitted with a full deck for fighting. iiii: quattuor. prius … quam … perferrētur: the subjunctive marks what Bibulus might have expected: Caesar was seen before news could even arrive.
Vocabulary
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| Asiāticus, -a, -um | of Asia (the Roman province in western Asia Minor), Asiatic |
| nāvis, -is, f. | ship |
| duodēvīgintī, indecl. adj. | eighteen |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| iussus, -ūs, m. | bidding, command |
| decimus, -a, -um | tenth |
| praesum, -esse, -fuī | be before, preside over, have charge of, command |
| CX = centum decem (indecl.) | one hundred and ten |
| sed, conj. | but |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| cōnfīdō, -ere, cōnfīsus sum | trust, be confident |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| portus, -ūs, m. | harbor, haven, port |
| prōdeō, -īre, prōdiī, prōditum | go forward, come out |
| audeō, audēre, ausus sum | dare |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| omnīnō, adv. | altogether, wholly, entirely |
| duodecim, indecl. adj. | twelve |
| longus, -a, -um | long; tedious |
| praesidium, -ī, n. | protection; guard, escort |
| dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus | lead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| cōnsternō, -ere, -strāvī, -strātus | cover, strew, lay over |
| quattuor, indecl. adj. | four |
| impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītus | hinder, prevent, impede |
| dispergō, -ere, -spersī, -spersum | scatter |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| rēmex, -igis m. | rower |
| satis, adv. | enough, sufficiently |
| mātūrē (adv.; superl. mātūrrimē) | early, quickly |
| occurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursus | run against, meet |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| prius, adv. | before, first |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| continēns, -entis, f. | 'mainland, continent |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| adventus, -ūs, m. | approach, arrival |
| fāma, -ae, f. | report, rumor |
| regiō, -ōnis, f. | direction; country, region |
| perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātus | bear through, bear, endure; weather |