Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Civil War, Book 3
De Bello Civili 3.65
Antony and Caesar come up
Caesar, De Bello Civili III. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in LectitōBC 3.65.1Iamque Pompēiānī magnā caede nostrōrum castrīs Mārcellīnī adpropinquābant nōn mediocrī terrōre inlātō reliquīs cohortibus, et M. Antōnius quī proximum locum praesidiōrum tenēbat, eā rē nūntiātā cum cohortibus xii dēscendēns ex locō superiōre cernēbātur.
And now the Pompeians, with great slaughter of our men, were approaching Marcellinus' camp, having struck no small terror into the remaining cohorts, and Mark Antony, who held the nearest post in the line, was seen coming down from higher ground with twelve cohorts on receiving the news.
Note. M. Antōnius: Mark Antony, one of Caesar's chief officers. cernēbātur: 'was seen' coming down from higher ground.
BC 3.65.2cuius adventus Pompēiānōs compressit nostrōsque firmāvit, ut sē ex maximō timōre colligerent.
His arrival checked the Pompeians and steadied our men, so that they recovered from their very great fear.
Note. cuius adventus: connecting relative, 'his arrival'. ut sē … colligerent: result clause, 'so that they pulled themselves together'.
BC 3.65.3neque multō post Caesar significātiōne per castella fūmō factā, ut erat superiōris temporis cōnsuētūdō, dēductīs quibusdam cohortibus ex praesidiīs eōdem vēnit.
Not long afterwards Caesar, after a signal had been given by smoke from fort to fort, as had been the custom before, withdrew some cohorts from the outposts and came to the same place.
Note. significātiōne … fūmō factā: ablative absolute: the forts along the line passed signals by smoke. eōdem: adverb, 'to the same place'.
BC 3.65.3quī cognitō dētrīmentō cum animadvertisset Pompēium extrā mūnītiōnēs ēgressum castra secundum mare ut līberē pābulārī posset nec minus aditum nāvibus habēret, commūtātā ratiōne bellī, quoniam prōpositum nōn tenuerat, iūxtā Pompēium mūnīrī iussit.
Learning of the loss, and noticing that Pompey had come out beyond the fortifications to build a camp by the sea, so that he could forage freely and also have access for his ships, Caesar changed his plan of campaign, since he had not held to his purpose, and ordered a camp to be fortified next to Pompey.
Note. cum animadvertisset: 'when he had noticed'. iūxtā Pompeium mūnīrī iussit: Caesar now abandons the attempt to wall Pompey in and builds a camp beside him.
Vocabulary
| iam, adv. | now, already |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| Pompeiānus, -a, -um | of Pompey, Pompeian; Pompeiānī, -ōrum m. pl.: Pompey's men |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| caedēs, -is, f. | cutting down, killing, slaughter |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| appropinquō, -propinquāre, -propinquāvī, -propinquātus | approach to, approach |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| mediocris, -e | moderate, ordinary |
| terror, -ōris, m. | terror, fright |
| īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātus | bring in or against, wage against; inflict |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| cohors, cohortis f. | cohort (a tenth of a legion); company |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| proximus, -a, -um | nearest, next |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| praesidium, -ī, n. | protection; guard, escort |
| teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tus | hold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | report, announce |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| Roman numeral | a number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000 |
| dēscendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsus | climb down, descend |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| superior, -ius, adj. | higher; former, previous, preceding |
| cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētus | discern, perceive, make out |
| adventus, -ūs, m. | approach, arrival |
| comprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressus | press together, squeeze, compress |
| firmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | strengthen, secure |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| timor, -ōris, m. | fear |
| colligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctum | gather, collect (sē colligere: recover oneself) |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| multō, adv. | by much or far, much, far |
| post, adv. | after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind |
| significātiō, -ōnis f. | signal |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| castellum, -ī n. | fort, redoubt |
| fūmus, -ī, m. | smoke |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| cōnsuētūdō, -inis f. | custom, habit; way of life |
| dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship |
| quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron. | a certain, certain |
| eōdem | to the same place |
| veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus | come |
| cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus | find out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know |
| dētrīmentum, -ī n. | loss, harm |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| animadvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versus | turn the mind to, observe |
| extrā (prep. + acc.) | outside, beyond |
| mūnītiō, -ōnis f. | fortification, defence works |
| ēgredior, -gredī, -gressus | go out or forth, go ashore, disembark |
| secundum (prep. + acc.) | after, besides; along |
| mare, maris, n. | sea |
| līberē (adv.; comp. līberius) | freely, frankly |
| pābulor, -ārī, -ātus sum | gather fodder, forage |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē) | too little; minimē: least, not at all |
| aditus, -ūs, m. | approach, entrance |
| nāvis, -is, f. | ship |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| commūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | change |
| ratiō, -ōnis, f. | plan, means, method, manner; reason; account |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| quoniam, conj. | since now, since |
| prōpositum, -ī n. | plan, purpose; the point being made, theme |
| iūxtā (adv. and prep. + acc.) | nearby; next to |
| mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | fortify |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus | bid, order, command |