Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Civil War, Book 1
De Bello Civili 1.53
Rome hears the war is won
Caesar, De Bello Civili I. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in LectitōBC 1.53.1Haec Afrānius Petrēiusque et eōrum amīcī plēniōra etiam atque ūberiōra Rōmam ad suōs perscrībēbant.
Afranius and Petreius and their friends wrote all this to their people at Rome, fuller and richer still.
Note. plēniōra … ūberiōra: comparatives used as nouns, 'in fuller and richer terms'. ad suōs: 'to their friends' at Rome.
BC 1.53.1multa rūmōrēs adfingēbant, ut paene bellum cōnfectum vidērētur.
Rumours added much, so that the war seemed almost finished.
Note. multa rūmōrēs adfingēbant: 'rumours added much (of their own)'. ut … vidērētur: result clause.
BC 1.53.2quibus litterīs nūntiīsque Rōmam perlātīs magnī domum concursūs ad Afrānium magnaeque grātulātiōnēs fīēbant;
When these letters and messages reached Rome, there were great crowds at Afranius' house and great congratulations;
Note. quibus litterīs … perlātīs: connecting relative in an ablative absolute, 'when these letters had been brought'. domum … ad Afrānium: 'to Afranius' house'.
BC 1.53.2multī ex Ītaliā ad Cn. Pompēium proficīscēbantur, aliī, ut prīncipēs tālem nūntium attulisse, aliī, nē ēventum bellī exspectāsse aut ex omnibus novissimī vēnisse vidērentur.
many set out from Italy to Gnaeus Pompeius, some to seem to have been first to bring such news, others so as not to seem to have waited for the outcome of the war or to have come last of all.
Note. aliī … aliī: 'some … others'. ut prīncipēs … attulisse … vidērentur: 'to seem to have been first to bring'; the verb vidērentur at the end serves both clauses. Cn.: Gnaeus, Pompey's first name.
Vocabulary
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| amīcus, -ī, m. | friend |
| plēnus, -a, -um | full |
| etiam, adv. | and now, also, too, even |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| ūber, -eris (adj.) | fertile, rich, abundant; laden (with fruit: abl.) |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| perscrībō, -scrībere, -scrīpsī, scrīptus | write through or in full, describe fully, recount |
| multus, -a, -um | much, great; plur., many |
| rūmor, -ōris m. | rumour, report |
| adfingō, -ere, -finxī, -fictus | add (falsely), invent in addition |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| paene, adv. | almost, nearly |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | make or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| littera, -ae f. | letter (of the alphabet); pl. letter, writing |
| nūntius, -ī, m. | messenger; message |
| perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātus | bear through, bear, endure; weather |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| domus, -ūs, f. | house, home |
| concursus, -ūs m. | a running together, charge |
| grātulātiō, -ōnis f. | rejoicing, congratulation |
| fīō, fierī, factus sum | be done or made, become, happen |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sum | set out, depart, march |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| prīnceps, -ipis | first, chief; as noun: leader |
| tālis, -e | such |
| afferō, afferre, attulī, allātum | bring, bring to; cause |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| ēventus, -ūs m. | outcome, result |
| exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātus | look out for, wait for, await, expect; wait |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| novissimus, -a, -um | last (novissimum agmen: the rear) |
| veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus | come |