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Bellum Alexandrinum 69

Envoys from Pharnaces

Hirtius, Bellum Alexandrinum. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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B. Alex. 69.1Cum in Pontum vēnisset cōpiāsque omnēs in ūnum locum coēgisset, quae numerō atque exercitātiōne bellōrum mediocrēs erant— exceptā enim legiōne sextā, quam sēcum abdūxerat Alexandrīā veterānam multīs labōribus perīculīsque fūnctam multīsque mīlitibus partim difficultāte itinerum ac nāvigātiōnum partim crēbritāte bellōrum adeō dēminūtam, ut minus mīlle hominibus in eā esset, reliquae erant trēs legiōnēs, ūna Dēiotarī, duae, quae in eō proeliō, quod Cn. Domitium fēcisse cum Pharnace scrīpsimus, fuerant— lēgātī ā Pharnace missī Caesarem adeunt atque inprīmīs dēprecantur, nē eius adventus hostīlis esset: factūrum enim omnia Pharnacēn, quae imperāta essent.

When he had come into Pontus and gathered all his forces in one place (they were only moderate in numbers and in experience of war: for apart from the Sixth legion, which he had brought with him from Alexandria, a veteran legion that had come through many toils and dangers and had been so reduced by the loss of many men, partly through the hardships of marches and voyages and partly through the frequency of wars, that there were fewer than a thousand men in it, the remaining forces were three legions, one of Deiotarus' and two which had been in the battle which, as we have written, Gnaeus Domitius fought with Pharnaces), envoys sent by Pharnaces came to Caesar and above all begged that his coming should not be hostile: for Pharnaces would do everything that he was ordered.

Note. The long parenthesis between the dashes lists Caesar's troops: the veteran Sixth legion, now under a thousand men, one legion of Deiotarus, and two that had fought under Domitius Calvinus. minus mīlle hominibus: minus without quam, with the ablative of comparison. nē eius adventus hostīlis esset: the content of their plea. facturum: supply esse.

B. Alex. 69.3Maximēque commemorābant nūlla Pharnacēn auxilia contrā Caesarem Pompēiō dare voluisse, cum Dēiotarus, quī dedisset, tamen eī satisfēcisset.

And they especially pointed out that Pharnaces had refused to give any help to Pompey against Caesar, whereas Deiotarus, who had given it, had nevertheless satisfied him.

Note. volūisse: from volō, velle, 'had been willing'. quī dedisset: subjunctive in a subordinate clause within indirect statement.

Vocabulary

cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
que, enclitic conj.and
omnis, -eall, every
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
numerus, -ī, m.number
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
exercitātiō, -ōnis, f.exercise
bellum, -ī, n.war
mediocris, -emoderate, ordinary
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
enim, conj.for
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
sextus, -a, -umsixth
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
abdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead or take away
veterānus, -a, -umveteran
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
fungor, fungī, fūnctus sum (+ abl.)perform, carry out, discharge
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
partim (adv.)partly (partim … partim: some … others)
difficultas, -tātis, f.difficulty
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
nāvigātiō, -ōnis, f.sailing, navigation, voyage
crēbritās, -ātis f.frequency, closeness (of repeated things)
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
dēminuō, -ere, -minuī, -minūtumlessen, reduce
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
minus, comp. adv.less
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
homō, hominis, m.man
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
cum, prep, with abl.with
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
inprīmīs (imprīmīs) (adv.)above all, especially, first of all
dēprecor, -ārī, -ātus sumbeg to be spared, plead
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
adventus, -ūs, m.approach, arrival
hostīlis, -eof the enemy, hostile
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
commemorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummention, recount
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
volō, velle, voluīwish
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
satisfaciō, -ere, -fēcī, -factum (+ dat.)satisfy; make amends, apologize
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Hirtius, Bellum Alexandrinum. Latin text: B. Kübler and E. Wölfflin, C. Iulii Caesaris Commentarii, vol. III (Leipzig: Teubner, 1896–97), public domain; transcribed for this app from the Internet Archive scan. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.