Lectitō › Julius Caesar › The African War (Bellum Africum)
Bellum Africum 64
The fate of the prisoners
Anonymous, Bellum Africum. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in LectitōB. Afr. 64.1In eā nāve captus est P. Vestrius, eques Rōmānus, et P. Ligārius Afrāniānus, quem Caesar in Hispāniā cum reliquīs dīmīserat, et posteā sē ad Pompēium contulerat, inde ex proeliō effūgerat in Āfricamque ad Vārum vēnerat;
On that ship were captured Publius Vestrius, a Roman knight, and Publius Ligarius, one of Afranius' men, whom Caesar had let go in Spain with the rest, and who afterwards had gone over to Pompey, then had escaped from the battle and had come to Africa to Varus;
Note. P. Ligārius Afrāniānus: one of Afranius' men; Caesar had released Afranius' army in Spain in 49 BC on condition that they would not fight him again.
B. Afr. 64.1quem ob periūrium perfidiamque Caesar iussit necārī.
Caesar ordered him to be put to death for his perjury and treachery.
Note. periūrium: breaking his oath not to bear arms against Caesar. iussit necārī: iubeō with a passive infinitive.
B. Afr. 64.2P. Vestriō autem, quod eius frāter Rōmae pecūniam imperātam numerāverat, et quod ipse suam causam probāverat Caesarī, sē ā Nāsidiī classe captum, cum ad necem dūcerētur, beneficiō Vārī esse servātum, posteā sibi facultātem nūllam datam trānseundī, ignōvit.
But Publius Vestrius he pardoned, because his brother had paid at Rome the money demanded of him, and because he himself had proved his case to Caesar: that he had been captured by Nasidius' fleet and, when he was being led to execution, had been saved by Varus' kindness, and afterwards had been given no opportunity of crossing over.
Note. P. Vestriō … ignōvit: ignōscō takes the dative. The quod clauses give Caesar's reasons; se … captum … servātum … datam: the indirect statement of Vestrius' defence. trānseundī: 'of crossing over' to Caesar.
Vocabulary
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| nāvis, -is, f. | ship |
| capiō, capere, cēpī, captus | take, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| eques, equitis m. | horseman; (pl.) cavalry |
| Rōmānus, -a, -um | Roman |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| Afrāniānus, -a, -um | of Afranius; Afrāniānī, -ōrum m. pl.: Afranius' men |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | send different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose |
| posteā, adv. | after this, afterwards |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātus | bring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way |
| inde (adv.) | from there; then |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| proelium, -ī, n. | battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle |
| effugio, -fugere, -fūgī | flee out or away, escape |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus | come |
| ob, prep. with acc. | on account of, for; in compounds, to, against |
| periūrium, -ī n. | perjury, a false oath |
| perfidia, -ae f. | treachery, bad faith |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus | bid, order, command |
| necō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | put to death, slay, kill |
| autem, conj. | moreover; but, however; now |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| frāter, frātris, m. | brother |
| pecūnia, -ae, f. | money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times) |
| imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātus | command, order, enjoin |
| numerō (adv.) | in number (saepe numerō: very often) |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| causa, -ae, f. | cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of |
| probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | prove, show; approve |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| classis, -is f. | fleet |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| nex, necis f. | death, killing |
| dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus | lead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry |
| beneficium, -ī, n. | well-doing, kindness, service, benefit |
| servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | save, preserve |
| facultās, -tātis, f. | possibility, opportunity, chance, means |
| nūllus, -a, -um | not any, none, no |
| dō, dare, dedī, datus | give |
| trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go across or over, cross |
| ignōscō, -ere, ignōvī, ignōtum (+ dat.) | pardon, forgive |