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Ruth 1

Ruth: Naomi and Ruth return to Bethlehem

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Rt 1:1In diēbus ūnīus jūdicis, quandō jūdicēs praeerant, facta est famēs in terrā.In the days of one judge, when the judges were ruling, a famine came about in the land. Rt 1:1Abiitque homō dē Bethlehem Jūda, ut peregrīnārētur in regiōne Moabītide cum uxōre suā ac duōbus līberīs.And a man went away from Bethlehem of Judah, to sojourn in the region of Moab with his wife and two children. Rt 1:2Ipse vocābātur Elimelech, et uxor ejus Noëmi: et duo fīliī, alter Mahalon, et alter Chelion, Ephrathaeī dē Bethlehem Jūda.He was called Elimelech, and his wife Naomi: and the two sons, one Mahlon, and the other Chilion, Ephrathites from Bethlehem of Judah. Rt 1:2Ingressīque regiōnem Moabītidem, morābantur ibi.And having entered the region of Moab, they were staying there. Rt 1:3Et mortuus est Elimelech marītus Noëmi: remānsitque ipsa cum fīliīs.And Elimelech, Naomi's husband, died: and she remained with her sons. Rt 1:4Quī accēpērunt uxōrēs Moabitidas, quārum ūna vocābātur Orpha, altera vērō Ruth.They took Moabite wives, of whom one was called Orpah, but the other Ruth. Rt 1:4Mānsēruntque ibi decem annīs, et ambō mortuī sunt, Mahalon vidēlicet et Chelion: remānsitque mulier orbāta duōbus līberīs ac marītō.And they stayed there for ten years, and both died, namely Mahlon and Chilion: and the woman remained, bereaved of her two children and her husband.

Rt 1:6Et surrēxit ut in patriam pergeret cum utrāque nurū suā dē regiōne Moabītide: audierat enim quod respexisset Dominus populum suum, et dedisset eīs ēscās.And she rose to go into her homeland with both her daughters-in-law from the region of Moab: for she had heard that the Lord had looked upon his people, and had given them food. Rt 1:7Ēgressa est itaque dē locō peregrīnātiōnis suae, cum utrāque nurū: et jam in viā revertendī posita in terram Jūda, dīxit ad eās: Īte in domum mātris vestrae: faciat vōbīscum Dominus misericordiam, sīcut fēcistis cum mortuīs, et mēcum.So she went out from the place of her sojourning, with both daughters-in-law: and, already set on the road of returning into the land of Judah, she said to them: "Go into the house of your mother: may the Lord do mercy with you, just as you have done with the dead, and with me. Rt 1:9Det vōbīs invenīre requiem in domibus virōrum quōs sortītūrae estis.May he grant you to find rest in the houses of the husbands whom you are going to obtain." Rt 1:9Et ōsculāta est eās.And she kissed them.

Rt 1:9Quae ēlevātā vōce flēre coepērunt, et dīcere: Tēcum pergēmus ad populum tuum.They, their voice raised, began to weep, and to say: "With you we will go to your people." Rt 1:11Quibus illa respondit: Revertiminī, fīliae meae, cūr venītis mēcum?To them she answered: "Turn back, my daughters, why do you come with me? Rt 1:11Num ultrā habeō fīliōs in uterō meō, ut virōs ex mē spērāre possītis?Do I have sons any more in my womb, that you can hope for husbands from me? Rt 1:12Revertiminī, fīliae meae, et abīte: jam enim senectūte cōnfecta sum, nec apta vinculō conjugālī: etiamsī possem hāc nocte concipere, et parere fīliōs, sī eōs expectāre velītis dōnec crēscant, et annōs pūbertātis impleant, ante eritis vetulae quam nūbātis.Turn back, my daughters, and go away: for I am now worn out with old age, nor fit for the marriage bond: even if I could conceive this night, and bear sons, if you were willing to wait for them until they grew, and completed the years of puberty, you would be old women before you married. Rt 1:13Nōlīte, quaesō, fīliae meae: quia vestra angustia magis mē premit, et ēgressa est manus Dominī contrā mē.Do not, I beg, my daughters: for your distress weighs on me more, and the hand of the Lord has gone out against me."

Rt 1:14Ēlevātā igitur vōce, rūrsum flēre coepērunt: Orpha ōsculāta est socrum, ac reversa est;So, their voice raised, they began again to weep: Orpah kissed her mother-in-law, and turned back; Rt 1:14Ruth adhaesit socruī suae: cui dīxit Noëmi: Ēn reversa est cognāta tua ad populum suum, et ad deōs suōs, vāde cum eā.Ruth clung to her mother-in-law: to whom Naomi said: "Look, your kinswoman has turned back to her people, and to her gods, go with her." Rt 1:16Quae respondit: Nē adversēris mihi ut relinquam tē et abeam: quōcumque enim perrēxeris, pergam, et ubi morāta fueris, et ego pariter morābor.She answered: "Do not oppose me, that I should leave you and go away: for wherever you go, I will go, and where you stay, I too will stay likewise. Rt 1:16Populus tuus populus meus, et Deus tuus Deus meus.Your people my people, and your God my God. Rt 1:17Quae tē terra morientem suscēperit, in eā moriar: ibique locum accipiam sepultūrae.The land that receives you dying, in it I will die: and there I will receive a place of burial. Rt 1:17Haec mihi faciat Dominus, et haec addat, sī nōn sōla mors mē et tē sēparāverit.May the Lord do these things to me, and add these things, if anything but death alone separates me and you."

Rt 1:18Vidēns ergō Noëmi quod obstinātō animō Ruth dēcrēvisset sēcum pergere, adversārī nōluit, nec ad suōs ultrā reditum persuādēre: profectaeque sunt simul, et vēnērunt in Bethlehem.So Naomi, seeing that Ruth had decided with stubborn mind to go with her, would not oppose her, nor persuade her any more to return to her own people: and they set out together, and came into Bethlehem. Rt 1:19Quibus urbem ingressīs, vēlōx apud cūnctōs fāma percrēbruit: dīcēbantque mulierēs: Haec est illa Noëmi.When they had entered the city, a swift report spread among all: and the women were saying: "This is that Naomi." Rt 1:20Quibus ait: Nē vocētis mē Noëmi (id est, pulchram), sed vocāte mē Mara (id est, amāram), quia amāritūdine valdē replēvit mē Omnipotēns.To them she said: "Do not call me Naomi (that is, beautiful), but call me Mara (that is, bitter), because the Almighty has filled me greatly with bitterness. Rt 1:21Ēgressa sum plēna, et vacuam redūxit mē Dominus.I went out full, and the Lord has led me back empty. Rt 1:21Cūr ergō vocātis mē Noëmi, quam Dominus humiliāvit, et afflīxit Omnipotēns?Why then do you call me Naomi, whom the Lord has humbled, and the Almighty has afflicted?"

Rt 1:22Vēnit ergō Noëmi cum Ruth Moabītide nurū suā, dē terrā peregrīnātiōnis suae: ac reversa est in Bethlehem, quandō prīmum hordea metēbantur.So Naomi came with Ruth the Moabitess, her daughter-in-law, from the land of her sojourning: and she returned into Bethlehem, when the barley was first being reaped.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×4, gerunds and gerundives ×1, ablative absolute ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (185 words)
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
praesum, -esse, -fuībe before, preside over, have charge of, command
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
famēs, -is, abl. famē, f.hunger
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
que, enclitic conj.and
homō, hominis, m.man
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
peregrīnor, -ārī, -ātus sumtravel abroad, be a stranger
regiō, -ōnis, f.direction; country, region
Moabītis, -idis f.Moabite, of Moab; (as noun) a Moabite woman
cum, prep, with abl.with
uxor, -ōris, f.wife
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
fīlius, -ī, m.son
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
ingredior, -ī, ingressus sumgo into, enter
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
ibi, adv.in that place, there
morior, morī, mortuusdie
marītus, -ī, m.husband
remaneō, -ēre, -mānsīstay behind, remain
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
decem, indecl. adj.ten
annus, -ī, m.year
ambō, -ae, -ōboth
vidēlicet (adv.)clearly, evidently; (ironic) of course
mulier, mulieris, f.woman
orbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbereave, deprive (of)
surgō, -ere, surrēxī, surrēctusrise, get up, stand up
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
pergō, -ere, perrēxī, perrēctumgo on, press on
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
nurus, -ūs f.daughter-in-law
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
enim, conj.for
quod, conj.that, in that, because
respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumlook back
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
populus, -ī m.people, nation
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
ēsca, -ae f.food
ēgredior, -gredī, -gressusgo out or forth, go ashore, disembark
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
peregrīnātiō, -ōnis f.travel abroad, journey; sojourn in a foreign land
iam, adv.now, already
via, -ae, f.road, way
revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertīturn back, return
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
māter, mātris, f.mother
vester, -tra, -trumyour
vōsplur. of tū
misericordia, -ae, f;pity, compassion
sīcut (conj.)just as
mortuus, -a, -umdead
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
requiēs, -ētis f.rest, repose
vir, virī, m.man
sortior, -īrī, -ītuscast or draw lots
ōsculor, -ārī, -ātus sumkiss
ēlevō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumlift up, raise
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
fleō, -ēre, flēvī, flētumweep
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
fīlia, -ae, f.daughter
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
cūr, adv.why
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
num, adv., introducing a question to which a negative answer is expecteduntranslatable
ultrā (prep. + acc.)beyond
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
uterus, -ī m.belly, womb
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
senectūs, -tūtis f.old age
cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
aptus, -a, -umfit, suited
vinculum, -ī, n.bond, chain
coniugālis, -eof marriage, conjugal
etiamsīeven if, although
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
nox, noctis, f.night
concipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake in, conceive; plan, imagine
pariō, -ere, peperī, partusbring forth; win, gain
sī, conj.if
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
volō, velle, voluīwish
dōnec (conj.)until; while, as long as
crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētumgrow, rise (in power)
pūbertās, -ātis f.puberty, youth; manhood, virility
impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētumfill; fulfil, complete
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
vetula, -ae f.old woman
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
nūbō, -ere, nūpsī, nūptum (+ dat.)marry (said of a woman)
nōlō, nōlle, nōluīnot wish, be unwilling
quaesō (defective)I beg, please
quia (conj.)because
angustia, -ae f.narrowness; (pl.) a narrow place, straits
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
manus, -ūs, f.hand
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
igitur, conj.therefore
rūrsus, adv.again
socrus, -ūs f.mother-in-law
adhaereō, -ēre, -haesī, -haesumstick to, cling to
ēn (interj.)look! see! there!
cognāta, -ae f.kinswoman, female relative; sister-in-law
deus, -ī, m.god
vādō, -erego
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
adversor, -ārī, -ātus sum (+ dat.)oppose, resist
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
quōcumque (adv.)to whatever place; in whatever direction
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
pariter (adv.)equally, alike; at the same time
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
sepultūra, -ae, f.burial
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
nōn, adv.not
sōlus, -a, -umalone
mors, mortīs, f.death
sēparō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusseparate, divide
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
obstinātus, -a, -umdetermined, stubborn
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
reditus, -ūs, m.return
persuādeō, -suādēre, -suāsi, -suāsuspersuade, prevail upon, induce
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
urbs, urbis, f.city
vēlōx, vēlōcisswift, fast
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
percrēbrēscō, -ere, -crēbruībecome widespread, spread abroad (of a report)
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrumbeautiful
sed, conj.but
amārus, -a, -umbitter
amāritūdō, -inis f.bitterness; grief, anguish
valdē, adv.very, greatly
repleō, -plēre, -plēvī, -plētusfill again or up, fill
omnipotēns, -entisall-powerful
plēnus, -a, -umfull
vacuus, -a, -umempty
redūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead or bring back; restore
humiliō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushumble, bring low, abase
afflīgō, -ere, -flīxī, -flīctusstrike against, damage, wreck
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
hordeum, -ī n.barley
metō, -ere, messuī, messusreap, harvest
Vulgate, Ruth. Latin text: the Clementine Vulgate (1592), as transcribed by the Clementine Vulgate Project, public domain. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English (a literal learner's translation) and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.