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Vergil · Georgics

Georgics 1.1–42

Invocation of the gods and Caesar

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Georg. 1.1Quid faciat laetās segetēs, quō sīdere terram
vertere, Maecēnās, ulmīsque adiungere vītīs
conveniat, quae cūra boum, quī cultus habendō
sit pecorī, apibus quanta experientia parcīs,
5hinc canere incipiam.
What makes the cornfields glad, under what star it is fitting, Maecenas, to turn the earth and to wed vines to elms, what care there is for cattle, what tending for keeping a flock, how much skill for the thrifty bees: from here I shall begin to sing.
Georg. 1.5Vōs, ō clārissima mundī
lūmina, lābentem caelō quae dūcitis annum,
Līber et alma Cerēs, vestrō sī mūnere tellūs
Chaoniam pinguī glandem mūtāvit aristā,
pōculaque inventīs Achelōia miscuit ūvīs;
You, O brightest lights of the world, who lead the year as it glides through the sky; Liber and nurturing Ceres, if by your gift the earth exchanged the Chaonian acorn for the rich ear of corn, and mixed draughts of Achelous with the grapes it had found;
Georg. 1.10et vōs, agrestum praesentia nūmina, Faunī,
ferte simul Faunīque pedem Dryadēsque puellae:
Mūnera vestra canō.
and you, Fauns, present deities of country folk, bring your feet together, Fauns and Dryad maidens: it is your gifts I sing.

Georg. 1.12Tūque ō, cui prīma frementem
fūdit equum magnō tellūs percussa tridentī,
Neptūne;
And you, O Neptune, for whom the earth, struck by your great trident, first poured forth the neighing horse;
Georg. 1.14et cultor nemorum, cui pinguia Cēae
15ter centum niveī tondent dūmēta iuvencī;
and you, dweller of the groves, for whom three hundred snow-white bullocks crop the rich thickets of Ceos;
Georg. 1.16ipse nemus linquēns patrium saltūsque Lycaeī,
Pān, ovium custōs, tua sī tibi Maenala cūrae,
adsīs, ō Tegeaee, favēns, oleaeque Minerva
inventrīx, uncīque puer mōnstrātor arātrī,
20et teneram ab rādīce ferēns, Silvāne, cupressum,
dīque deaeque omnēs, studium quibus arva tuērī,
quīque novās alitis nōn ūllō sēmine frūgēs,
quique satis largum caelō dēmittitis imbrem;
you yourself, Pan, guardian of sheep, leaving your native grove and the glades of Lycaeus, if your Maenalus is dear to you, be present, O god of Tegea, and favour me; and Minerva, discoverer of the olive, and the boy who showed the curved plough, and Silvanus, carrying a tender cypress torn up by the root; and all you gods and goddesses whose zeal it is to guard the fields, both you who nourish new crops sprung from no seed, and you who send down abundant rain from the sky on the sown land;
Georg. 1.24tūque adeō, quem mox quae sint habitūra deōrum
25concilia, incertum est, urbīsne invīsere, Caesar,
terrārumque velīs cūram et tē maximus orbis
auctōrem frūgum tempestātumque potentem
accipiat, cingēns māterna tempora myrtō,
an deus inmēnsī veniās maris ac tua nautae
30nūmina sōla colant, tibi serviat ultima Thūlē
tēque sibi generum Tēthys emat omnibus undīs,
anne novum tardīs sīdus tē mēnsibus addās,
quā locus Ērigonēn inter Chēlāsque sequentīs
panditur—ipse tibi iam bracchia contrahit ārdēns
35Scorpius et caelī iūstā plūs parte relīquit—
quidquid eris,—nam tē nec spērant Tartara rēgem
nec tibi regnandī veniat tam dīra cupīdō,
quamvīs Elysiōs mīrētur Graecia campōs
nec repetīta sequī cūret Prōserpina mātrem—
40dā facilem cursum atque audācibus adnue coeptīs
ignārōsque viae mēcum miserātus agrestīs
ingredere et vōtīs iam nunc adsuēsce vocārī.
and you above all, Caesar, of whom it is uncertain what councils of the gods are soon to have you: whether you will wish to watch over cities and to care for the lands, and the mighty world will receive you as giver of harvests and lord of the seasons, binding your temples with your mother's myrtle; or whether you come as god of the boundless sea, and sailors worship your power alone, furthest Thule serves you, and Tethys buys you with all her waves to be her son-in-law; or whether you add yourself as a new star to the slow months, where a space opens between Erigone and the pursuing Claws (the blazing Scorpion himself already draws in his arms for you and has left more than his fair share of the sky); whatever you will be (for Tartarus does not hope for you as king, and may so dread a lust for ruling never come upon you, though Greece admires the Elysian fields and Proserpina, sought back, does not care to follow her mother), grant me an easy course and nod assent to my bold undertaking, and pitying with me the country folk who do not know the way, step forward, and grow used even now to being called upon in prayers.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×2, indirect statement ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (192 words)
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
seges, -etis f.field of grain, standing crop
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
sīdus, -eris n.star, constellation
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
ulmus, -ī f.elm
que, enclitic conj.and
adiungo, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin to, join
vītis, -is f.vine
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
bōs, bovis, gen. plur. boum, dat. and abl. plur. bōbus, m. and f.ox, bull, cow
cultus, -ūs m.way of life; civilization, refinement
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
pecus, pecoris, n.herd, flock, cattle
apis, -is f.bee
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
experior, -īrī, expertus sumtry, test, experience
parcus, -a, -umsparing, thrifty, frugal
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
canō, -ere, cecinī, cantussing; of a trumpet: sound (receptuī canere: sound the retreat)
incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptumbegin
vōsplur. of tū
ō (interj.)O! oh!
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
mundus, -ī m.world, universe
lūmen, -minis, n.light
lābor, lābī, lapsusslip, glide, fall
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
annus, -ī, m.year
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
almus, -a, -umnourishing, kindly
vester, -tra, -trumyour
sī, conj.if
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
tellūs, -ūris f.earth, land (poetic)
Chaonius, -a, -umof Chaonia in Epirus; Epirot
pinguis, -efat
glāns, glandis f.acorn; sling-bullet (of lead or clay)
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
arista, -ae f.ear of grain, beard of grain
pōculum, -ī, n.cup
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
Achelōius, -a, -umof the Achelous river; (poet.) of water; Achelōides: the Sirens
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
ūva, -ae f.grape; bunch of grapes
agrestis, -eof the country, rustic; boorish
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
nūmen, -inis n.divine power, divinity
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
pēs, pedis, m.foot
dryas, -adis f.dryad, a nymph of the woods (pl. dryades)
puella, -ae, f.girl, maiden
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
fremō, -ere, -uī, -itumroar, growl; grumble (in + acc.: at)
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
equus, -ī, m.horse
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
percutiō, -cutere, -cussī, -cussusstrike through, strike
tridēns, -entis m.trident
cultor, -ōris m.worshipper; tiller, cultivator
nemus, -oris n.grove, wood
ter (adv.)three times
centum, indecl. adj.one hundred
niveus, -a, -umsnowy, snow-white
tondeō, -ēre, totondī, tōnsumshear, clip
dūmētum, -ī n.a thicket of thorn bushes
iuvencus, -ī m.young bull, bullock
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
linquō, -ere, līquīleave
patrius, -a, -umof one's fathers, ancestral
saltus, -ūs m.wooded pass, forest glade, woodland
Lycaeus, -a, -umLycaean, of Mount Lycaeus in Arcadia, sacred to Pan
ovis, -is, f.sheep
custōs, -ōdis m.guard
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
Tegeaeus, -a, -umof Tegea in Arcadia; Arcadian
faveō, -ēre, fāvī, fautum (+ dat.)favour, support
olea, -ae f.olive tree; olive
inventrīx, -īcis f.she who discovers, inventor
uncus, -a, -umhooked
puer, puerī, m.boy
mōnstrātor, -ōris m.one who shows, a guide; inventor, teacher
arātrum, -ī n.plough
tener, -era, -erumyoung, tender
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
rādīx, -īcis f.root; (of a hill) foot
cupressus, -ī f.cypress tree
deus, -ī, m.god
dea, -ae f.goddess
omnis, -eall, every
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
arvum, -ī n.ploughed field, field
tueor, -ērī, tuitus sumwatch over, protect, defend
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
alō, -ere, -uī, -tusnourish
nōn, adv.not
ūllus, -a, -umany
sēmen, sēminis n.seed
frūx, frūgis f. (usu. pl.)crops, produce
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
largus, -a, -umabundant, plentiful; generous
dēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend down, let fall; animōs dēmittere, to lose courage
imber, imbris, m.rain, shower
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
mox, adv.soon
concilium, -ī n.meeting, council
incertus, -a, -umuncertain, unreliable
urbs, urbis, f.city
invīsō, -ere, -vīsī, -vīsusgo to see, visit
volō, velle, voluīwish
orbis, -is, m.circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, circle of the earth or lands, earth, world
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
tempestās, -tātis, f.weather; storm, tempest
potēns, -entispowerful
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
cingō, cingere, cinxī, cinctussurround, gird
māternus, -a, -umof a mother, maternal
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
myrtus, -ī (-ūs) f.myrtle (sacred to Venus)
an, conj.or (in questions)
immēnsus (inmēnsus), -a, -umimmeasurable, boundless, vast
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
mare, maris, n.sea
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
nauta, -ae, m.sailor
sōlus, -a, -umalone
colō, colere, coluī, cultustill, cultivate; inhabit; worship
serviō, -ire, -īvī, -ītusbe subject to, serve
ultimus, -a, -umfarthest, last
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
gener, -erī m.son-in-law
emō, -ere, ēmī, ēmptumbuy
unda, -ae, f.wave
anne (interrog. particle)or? (in a second question)
tardus, -a, -umslow
mēnsis, -is m.month
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
quā, adv.in which place, where
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
chēlae, -ārum f. pl.the Claws (of Scorpio), i.e. the sign Libra
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
pandō, -ere, pandī, passumspread out (passīs manibus: with hands outstretched)
iam, adv.now, already
bracchium, -ī, n.arm
contrahō, -ere, -trāxī, -trāctumdraw together, collect
ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsusbe on fire, burn
iūstus, -a, -umjust
plūs (adv.)more
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
nam, conj.for
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
rēx, rēgis, m.king
regnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreign, rule
tam, adv.so
dīrus, -a, -umdreadful
cupīdō, -inis f. (in Sallust also m.)desire, longing, greed
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
Elysius, -a, -umElysian
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake care of; (+ gerundive) have something done
māter, mātris, f.mother
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
facilis, -e (comp. facilior)easy
cursus, -ūs, m.running, speed; course, route, voyage; race
audāx, -ācisbold, daring, reckless
adnuō, -ere, -nuī, -nūtumnod, nod assent
coeptum, -ī n.undertaking, a thing begun
ignārus, -a, -umignorant
via, -ae, f.road, way
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
miseror, -ārī, -ātus sumlament, pity
ingredior, -ī, ingressus sumgo into, enter
vōtum, -ī n.vow; wish, prayer
nunc, adv.now
adsuēscō (assuēscō), -ere, -suēvī, -suētusget used to, become accustomed
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
Vergil, Georgics. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.