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Ovid · Metamorphoses XI

Metamorphoses 11.1–74

The death of Orpheus

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Met. 11.1Carmine dum tālī silvās animōsque ferārum
Thrēicius vātēs et saxa sequentia dūcit,
ecce nurūs Ciconum, tēctae lymphāta ferīnīs
pectora velleribus, tumulī dē vertice cernunt
5Orphea percussīs sociantem carmina nervīs.
While with such song the Thracian bard leads the woods and the spirits of wild beasts and the rocks that follow him, behold, the women of the Ciconians, their frenzied breasts covered with the skins of beasts, catch sight from the top of a hill of Orpheus, matching his songs to the struck strings.
Met. 11.6Ē quibus ūna, levēs iactātō crīne per aurās,
"ēn," ait "ēn hic est nostrī contemptor!"
One of them, tossing her hair through the light breezes, says: 'Look, look, here is the man who scorns us!'
Met. 11.7et hastam
vātis Apollineī vōcālia mīsit in ōra,
quae foliīs praesūta notam sine vulnere fēcit;
and she hurled her spear at the singing mouth of Apollo's bard; sewn over with leaves at its tip, it left a mark without a wound;
Met. 11.10alterīus tēlum lapis est, quī missus in ipsō
āere concentū victus vōcisque lyraeque est
ac velutī supplex prō tam furiālibus ausīs
ante pedēs iacuit.
another's weapon is a stone, which, thrown, was overcome in the very air by the harmony of voice and lyre, and lay before his feet as if a suppliant for such frenzied daring.

Met. 11.13Sed enim temerāria crēscunt
bella modusque abiit, īnsānaque regnat Erīnys.
But in truth the reckless warfare grows, all restraint is gone, and mad Fury reigns.
Met. 11.15Cūnctaque tēla forent cantū mollīta, sed ingēns
clamor et īnfrāctō Berecyntia tībia cornū
tympanaque et plausus et Bacchēī ululātūs
obstrepuēre sonō citharae: tum dēnique saxa
nōn exaudītī rubuērunt sanguine vātis.
And all the weapons would have been softened by the song, but the huge clamour, the Berecyntian pipe with its broken horn, the drums and the clapping and the Bacchic howls drowned the sound of the cithara: then at last the stones grew red with the blood of the bard, no longer heard.
Met. 11.20Ac prīmum attonitās etiamnum vōce canentis
innumerās volucrēs anguēsque agmenque ferārum
Maenadēs, Orpheī titulum, rapuēre, theātrī.
And first the Maenads seized the countless birds, still spellbound by the singer's voice, and the snakes and the troop of wild beasts, the glory of Orpheus' audience.
Met. 11.23Inde cruentātīs vertuntur in Orphea dextrīs
et coeunt ut avēs, sī quandō lūce vagantem
25noctis avem cernunt.
Then they turn on Orpheus with bloodstained hands and flock together like birds, if ever they see the bird of night wandering in daylight.

Met. 11.25Strūctōque utrimque theātrō
ceu mātūtīnā cervus peritūrus harēnā
praeda canum est, vātemque petunt et fronde virentēs
coniciunt thyrsōs nōn haec in mūnera factōs.
And as when, in the theatre built up on either side, a stag doomed to die on the morning sand is the prey of hounds, they make for the bard and hurl their thyrsi, green with leaves and not made for such a service.
Met. 11.29Hae glaebās, illae dīreptōs arbore rāmōs,
30pars torquent silicēs.
Some throw clods, others branches torn from a tree, some hurl flints.
Met. 11.30Neu dēsint tēla furōrī,
forte bovēs pressō subigēbant vōmere terram,
nec procul hinc multō frūctum sūdōre parantēs
dūra lacertōsī fodiēbant arva colōnī.
And so that weapons should not be lacking for their fury, it happened that oxen were working the earth with the pressed-down ploughshare, and not far from there brawny farmers, preparing the harvest with much sweat, were digging the hard fields.
Met. 11.34Agmine quī vīsō fugiunt operisque relinquunt
35arma suī, vacuōsque iacent dispersa per agrōs
sarculaque rāstrīque gravēs longīque ligōnēs.
Seeing the throng, they flee and leave behind the tools of their work, and scattered through the empty fields lie hoes and heavy rakes and long mattocks.

Met. 11.37Quae postquam rapuēre ferae cornūque minācī
dīvulsēre bovēs, ad vātis fāta recurrunt
Tendentemque manūs et in illō tempore prīmum
40inrita dīcentem nec quicquam vōce moventem
sacrilegae perimunt.
When the savage women had seized these and torn apart the oxen with their threatening horns, they run back to the bard's doom, and as he stretches out his hands and, for the first time then, speaks in vain and moves nothing with his voice, the sacrilegious women kill him.
Met. 11.41Perque ōs, prō Iuppiter!And through that mouth, O Jupiter! Met. 11.41illud
audītum saxīs intellēctumque ferārum
sēnsibus in ventōs anima exhālāta recessit.
which was heard by the rocks and understood by the senses of wild beasts, his breath was breathed out and passed away into the winds.
Met. 11.44Tē maestae volucrēs, Orpheu, tē turba ferārum,
45tē rigidī silicēs, tua carmina saepe secūtae
flēvērunt silvae, positīs tē frondibus arbor
tōnsa comās lūxit.
For you, Orpheus, the grieving birds, for you the throng of beasts, for you the hard flints, for you the woods that had often followed your songs wept; for you the tree, laying aside its leaves, mourned with shorn locks.

Met. 11.47Lacrimīs quoque flūmina dīcunt
incrēvisse suīs, obstrūsaque carbasa pullō
nāidēs et dryadēs passōsque habuēre capillōs.
They say the rivers too swelled with their own tears, and naiads and dryads wore linen edged with black and let their hair hang loose.
Met. 11.50Membra iacent dīversa locīs.His limbs lie scattered in different places. Met. 11.50Caput, Hebre, lyramque
excipis, et (mīrum!) mediō dum lābitur amne,
flēbile nesciō quid queritur lyra, flēbile lingua
murmurat exanimis, respondent flēbile rīpae.
His head and lyre, Hebrus, you receive, and (a wonder!) while it glides in midstream, the lyre laments something mournful, the lifeless tongue murmurs something mournful, mournfully the banks reply.
Met. 11.54Iamque mare invectae flūmen populāre relinquunt
55et Mēthymnaeae potiuntur lītore Lesbī.
And now, carried out to sea, they leave their native river and reach the shore of Methymnean Lesbos.
Met. 11.56Hīc ferus expositum peregrīnīs anguis harēnīs
ōs petit et sparsōs stillantī rōre capillōs.
Here a fierce snake attacks the face cast up on the foreign sands and the hair sprinkled with dripping spray.
Met. 11.58Tandem Phoebus adest morsūsque īnferre parantem
arcet et in lapidem rictūs serpentis apertōs
60congelat et patulōs, ut erant, indūrat hiātūs.
At last Phoebus is there, and wards off the serpent as it prepares to bite, and freezes its open jaws into stone and hardens its gaping mouth just as it was.

Met. 11.61Umbra subit terrās et quae loca vīderat ante,
cūncta recognōscit quaerēnsque per arva piōrum
invēnit Eurydicēn cupidīsque amplectitur ulnīs.
The shade passes beneath the earth and recognises all the places it had seen before, and searching through the fields of the blessed finds Eurydice and clasps her in eager arms.
Met. 11.64Hīc modo coniūnctīs spatiantur passibus ambō,
65nunc praecēdentem sequitur, nunc praevius anteit
Eurydicēnque suam iam tūtus respicit Orpheus.
Here now they stroll side by side with joined steps, now he follows as she goes ahead, now he goes before her leading the way, and Orpheus looks back, safely now, at his Eurydice.
Met. 11.67Nōn impūne tamen scelus hoc sinit esse Lyaeus,
āmissōque dolēns sacrōrum vāte suōrum
prōtinus in silvīs mātrēs Ēdōnidas omnēs,
70quae vīdēre nefās, tortā rādīce ligāvit.
Yet Lyaeus does not let this crime go unpunished, and, grieving at the loss of the bard of his rites, he at once bound fast in the woods with twisted root all the Edonian mothers who had seen the outrage.
Met. 11.73utque suum laqueīs, quōs callidus abdidit auceps,
crūs ubi commīsit volucris sēnsitque tenērī,
and as a bird, when it has trusted its leg to the snares which the cunning fowler has hidden, and feels that it is held,

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×8, indirect statement ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (317 words)
carmen, -minis, n.song, charm
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
tālis, -esuch
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
que, enclitic conj.and
fera, -ae, f.wild animal, beast
Thrēicius, -a, -umThracian
vātēs, -is m. and f.prophet, seer, soothsayer
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
saxum, -ī, n.rock, stone
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
ecce (interj.)look! see! here is
nurus, -ūs f.daughter-in-law
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctuscover
lymphō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive mad; lymphātus: frenzied, out of one's mind
ferīnus, -a, -umof wild beasts; (f. as noun) game, wild meat
pectus, pectoris, n.breast
vellus, velleris, n.fleece
tumulus, -ī m.mound, hillock
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
vertex, -icis m.top of the head, crown; summit
cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētusdiscern, perceive, make out
percutiō, -cutere, -cussī, -cussusstrike through, strike
sociō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake a partner, share
nervus, -ī, m.sinew, muscle
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
levis, -elight, slight
iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtoss about; discuss
crīnis, -is m.hair, a lock of hair
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
aura, -ae, f.air, breeze
ēn (interj.)look! see! there!
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
nōsplur. of ego
contemptor, -ōris m.despiser, scorner, one who disdains
hasta, -ae f.spear
Apollineus, -a, -umof Apollo
vōcālis, -espeaking, with a voice, vocal
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
folium, -ī n.leaf
praesuō, -ere, -suī, -sūtuscover over at the tip, sheathe (as if sewn)
nota, -ae f.mark, sign; brand, stigma
sine, prep. with abl.without
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
lapis, -idis, m.stone
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
āēr, āeris, m.air
concentus, -ūs m.harmony, music of voices or notes sounding together
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
lyra, -ae f.lyre; lyric poetry; (cap.) the Lyre, a constellation
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
velutī (adv.)just as, as if
supplex, -icisbegging, as a suppliant
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
tam, adv.so
furiālis, -efrenzied, mad; of the Furies
ausum, -ī n.daring deed, outrage
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
pēs, pedis, m.foot
iaceō, -ēre, -uīlie, be prostrate
sed, conj.but
enim, conj.for
temerārius, -a, -umrash, reckless
crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētumgrow, rise (in power)
bellum, -ī, n.war
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
īnsānus, -a, -ummad, frantic
regnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreign, rule
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
cantus, -ūs, m.singing, song
molliō, -īre, -īvī, -ītussoften; make (a slope) easier
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
īnfringō, -ere, -frēgī, -frāctusbreak, crush; weaken
Berecyntius, -a, -umof Mount Berecyntus in Phrygia, sacred to Cybele; Berecyntia māter: Cybele
tībia, -ae f.pipe, flute
cornū, -ūs, n.horn
tympanum, -ī n.drum, tambourine
plausus, -ūs, m.applause
Bacchēus, -a, -umof Bacchus, Bacchic
ululātus, -ūs m.howling, yelling, war-cry
obstrepō, -ere, -strepuīmake a noise against, shout down
sonus, -ī m.sound
cithara, -ae, f.cithara, lute, lyre
tum, adv.then, at that time
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
nōn, adv.not
exaudiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītumhear (from a distance)
rubeō, -ērebe red, blush
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
attonitus, -a, -umthunderstruck, astonished
etiamnum (adv.)even now, still, even then
canō, -ere, cecinī, cantussing; of a trumpet: sound (receptuī canere: sound the retreat)
innumerus, -a, -umcountless
volucris, -is, f.bird
anguis, -is, m. and f.serpent, snake
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
maenas, -adis f.a maenad, frenzied woman follower of Bacchus
titulus, -ī m.notice, inscription, label
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
theātrum, -ī n.theatre
inde (adv.)from there; then
cruentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstain with blood
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
dextra, -ae, f.right hand (manus understood)
coeō, -īre, -iī, -itumcome together, assemble
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
avis, -is, f.bird
sī, conj.if
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
lūx, lūcis, f.light
vagor, -ārī, -ātus sumwander, roam
nox, noctis, f.night
struō, -ere, strūxī, strūctusbuild, construct; arrange
utrimque, adv.on either side or both sides
ceu (adv.)as, like, just as
mātūtīnus, -a, -umof the morning, early
cervus, -ī, m.stag
pereō, -īre, -ii, -itūruspass away, perish
harēna, -ae, f.sand; shore
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
canis, -is, m. and f.dog
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
frōns, frondis f.leafy branch, foliage
vireō, -ēre, -uībe green, flourish
coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow together; throw, cast, hurl
thyrsus, -ī m.thyrsus, ivy-wreathed staff carried by Bacchus and his followers
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
glaeba, -ae f.clod, soil
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
dīripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptumplunder
arbor, -oris, f.tree
rāmus, -ī, m.branch, bough
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
torqueō, torquēre, torsī, tortusturn
silex, -icis m.flint
neusee nēve
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
furor, -ōris, m.rage, fury, frenzy, madness
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
bōs, bovis, gen. plur. boum, dat. and abl. plur. bōbus, m. and f.ox, bull, cow
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
subigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctusbring under, subdue; force, compel
vōmer, -eris m.ploughshare
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
frūctus, -ūs, m.enjoyment; fruit
sūdor, -ōris m.sweat; toil
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
dūrus, -a, -umhard; harsh; difficult
lacertōsus, -a, -ummuscular, brawny
fodiō, -ere, fōdī, fossusdig
arvum, -ī n.ploughed field, field
colōnus, -ī m.settler, colonist; farmer
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
opus, operis, n.work, task
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
vacuus, -a, -umempty
dispergō, -ere, -spersī, -spersumscatter
ager, agri, m.field, land
sarculum, -ī n.hoe
rāstrum, -ī n. (pl. often rāstrī, -ōrum m.)rake, mattock, hoe
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
ligō, -ōnis m.mattock, hoe
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
mināx, -ācisthreatening
dīvellō, -vellere, -vellī, -vulsustear apart, rend asunder, tear in pieces
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
fātum, -ī, n.destiny, fate
recurrō, -ere, -currīrun back, return, come round again
tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentumstretch out; hold out
manus, -ūs, f.hand
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
irritus, -a, -uminvalid, of no effect; irritum facere: make void, cancel
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
sacrilegus, -a, -umtemple-robbing; as noun: a temple robber, a sacrilegious person
perimō, -ere, -ēmī, -ēmptusdestroy, kill
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
sēnsus, -ūs m.feeling, sensation; perception; sentiment
ventus, -ī, m.wind
anima, -ae, f.breath, soul, life
exhālō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbreathe out
recēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo back, withdraw, retire
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
maestus, -a, -umsad, dejected, gloomy
turba, -ae f.crowd
rigidus, -a, -umstiff, hard, unbending
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
saepe, adv.often, frequently
fleō, -ēre, flēvī, flētumweep
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
tondeō, -ēre, totondī, tōnsumshear, clip
coma, -ae f.hair, a head of hair; foliage
lūgeō, -ēre, lūxī, lūctusmourn, grieve for
lacrima, -ae, f.tear
quoque, adv.also
flūmen, -minis, n.river
incrēscō, -ere, -crēvīgrow, increase
obstrūdō (obtrūdō), -ere, -trūsī, -trūsusthrust upon; cover over, hem in
carbasus, -ī f. (pl. carbasa)fine linen; a sail
pullus, -a, -umdark, dusky, (of mourning clothes) dark grey or black
nāis, -idis (or nāias, -adis) f.naiad, a water-nymph (pl. nāides)
dryas, -adis f.dryad, a nymph of the woods (pl. dryades)
pandō, -ere, pandī, passumspread out (passīs manibus: with hands outstretched)
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
capillus, -ī m.hair
membrum, -ī, n.limb, member
dīversus, -a, -umturned different ways, opposite, contrary, different
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
caput, capitis, n.head
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
mīrus, -a, -umwonderful, strange
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
lābor, lābī, lapsusslip, glide, fall
amnis, -is m.river
flēbilis, -etearful, mournful; (adv.) flēbiliter: tearfully
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
lingua, -ae f.tongue; language
murmurō, -āre, -āvīmurmur, grumble
exanimis, -elifeless; breathless, terrified
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
rīpa, -ae, f.bank
iam, adv.now, already
mare, maris, n.sea
invehō, -ere, -vēxī, -vectuscarry in; (pass.) attack (in words): invehī in + acc., to inveigh against
populāris, -eof the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician)
Mēthymnaeus, -a, -umof Methymna, a town on Lesbos
potior, -īrī, -ītusbecome master of, get possession of
lītus, lītoris, n.shore
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
ferus, -a, -umwild, savage
expōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain
peregrīnus, -ī, m.stranger, foreigner
spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsusscatter, sprinkle
stillō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrip, fall in drops; let fall in drops, distil
rōs, rōris m.dew; sprinkled water
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
morsus, -ūs m.bite; jaws
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
arceō, -ēre, -uīkeep off, keep away, shut out
rictus, -ūs m.the open mouth, gaping jaws
serpēns, -entis, f.serpent
apertus, -a, -umopen
congelō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfreeze; harden, solidify
patulus, -a, -umwide open, spreading
indūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake hard, harden
hiātus, -ūs m.gaping mouth, chasm
umbra, -ae, f.shadow, shade
subeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear, endure
recognōscō, -ere, -gnōvī, -gnitusgo over again, review, recall
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
pius, -a, -umdutiful, devoted, pious
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
cupidus, -a, -umdesirous, eager
amplector, -plectī, -plexus sumembrace, hug; welcome, adopt
ulna, -ae f.forearm, arm; an ell (measure of length)
modo, adv.only
coniungō, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin together, join
spatior, -ārī, -ātus sumwalk about, stroll; wander
passus, -ūs, m.pace (mīlia passuum: miles)
ambō, -ae, -ōboth
nunc, adv.now
praecēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo before; surpass
praevius, -a, -umgoing before, leading the way
anteeō, -īre, -iīgo before, go ahead; surpass
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumlook back
impūne (adv.)without punishment
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situsallow, permit, let
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
doleō, -ēre, doluī, dolitumgrieve, be pained
sacrum, -ī n.sacred object or rite; sacra: rites, worship
prōtinus (adv.)straight on; at once
māter, mātris, f.mother
Ēdōnis, -idis(f. adj.) Edonian, Thracian; as noun, a Thracian bacchant
omnis, -eall, every
nefās n. (indecl.)a sin, a wrong; something forbidden by divine law
rādīx, -īcis f.root; (of a hill) foot
ligō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustie, bind
laqueus, -ī, m.noose
callidus, -a, -umclever, crafty
abdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput away, hide
auceps, aucupis m.bird-catcher, fowler
crūs, crūris, n.leg
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
Ovid, Metamorphoses XI. Latin text: H. Magnus, Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso (Gotha, 1892), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.