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Nepos · Eumenes

Nepos, Eumenes 5

Besieged in the fortress of Nora

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Eum. 5.1Haec dum apud Hellēspontum geruntur, Perdiccās apud Nīlum flūmen interficitur ā Seleucō et Antigene, rērumque summa ad Antipatrum dēfertur.While this is going on at the Hellespont, Perdiccas is killed by the river Nile by Seleucus and Antigenes, and supreme power is conferred on Antipater. Eum. 5.1Hīc quī nōn dēseruerant, exercitū suffrāgium ferente capitis absentēs damnantur, in eīs Eumenēs.Here those who had not deserted are condemned to death in their absence by the vote of the army, Eumenes among them. Eum. 5.1Hāc ille perculsus plagā nōn succubuit neque eō sētius bellum administrāvit.Struck by this blow, he did not give in, nor did he conduct the war any less vigorously. Eum. 5.1Sed exīlēs rēs animī magnitūdinem, etsī nōn frangēbant, tamen minuēbant.But his straitened circumstances, though they did not break the greatness of his spirit, still diminished it. Eum. 5.2Hunc persequēns Antigonus, cum omnī genere cōpiārum abundāret, saepe in itineribus vexābātur, neque umquam ad manum accēdere licēbat nisi iīs locīs, quibus paucī multīs possent resistere.Antigonus, pursuing him, though he abounded in every kind of forces, was often harassed on the march, and was never allowed to come to close quarters except in places where a few could resist many.

Eum. 5.3Sed extrēmō tempore, cum cōnsiliō capī nōn posset, multitūdine circumitus est.But in the end, when he could not be caught by strategy, he was surrounded by numbers. Eum. 5.3Hinc tamen multīs suīs āmissīs sē expedīvit et in castellum Phrygiae, quod Nora appellātur, cōnfūgit.From there, however, he extricated himself with the loss of many of his men and took refuge in a fortress of Phrygia called Nora. Eum. 5.4In quō cum circumsedērētur et verērētur, nē ūnō locō manēns equōs mīlitārēs perderet, quod spatium nōn esset agitandī, callidum fuit eius inventum, quem ad modum stāns iūmentum concalfierī exercērīque posset, quō libentius et cibō ūterētur et ā corporis mōtū nōn removērētur.When he was besieged in it and feared that by staying in one place he would ruin his war-horses, since there was no room for exercising them, he made a clever discovery of how a beast could be warmed and exercised while standing still, so that it would both eat more readily and not be kept from bodily movement. Eum. 5.5Substringēbat caput lōrō altius, quam ut priōribus pedibus plēnē terram posset attingere, deinde post verberibus cōgēbat exsultāre et calcēs remittere: quī mōtus nōn minus sūdōrem excutiēbat, quam sī in spatiō dēcurreret.He would tie up its head with a strap higher than would let it touch the ground fully with its forefeet, and then from behind force it with blows to leap up and kick out its heels: this motion drew out no less sweat than if it were running on a racecourse.

Eum. 5.6Quō factum est, quod omnibus mīrābile est vīsum, ut aequē nitida iūmenta ex castellō ēdūceret, cum complūrēs mēnsēs in obsidiōne fuisset, ac sī in campestribus ea locīs habuisset.As a result, to everyone's amazement, he led his animals out of the fortress as sleek, though he had been under siege for several months, as if he had kept them in open country. Eum. 5.7In hāc conclūsiōne, quotiēnscumque voluit, apparātum et mūnītiōnēs Antigonī aliās incendit, aliās disiēcit.During this blockade, as often as he wished, he now burned, now pulled down Antigonus' siege equipment and fortifications. Eum. 5.7Tenuit autem sē ūnō locō, quamdiū hiems fuit, quod castra sub dīvō habēre nōn poterat.But he kept himself in one place as long as it was winter, because he could not keep a camp in the open air. Eum. 5.7Vēr appropinquābat: simulātā dēditiōne, dum dē condiciōnibus trāctat, praefectīs Antigonī imposuit sēque ac suōs omnēs extrāxit incolumēs.Spring was approaching: pretending to surrender, while he was negotiating the terms, he deceived Antigonus' officers and got himself and all his men out unharmed.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×1, purpose clauses ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (163 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
flūmen, -minis, n.river
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
que, enclitic conj.and
summa, -ae f.total, sum; supreme command
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nōn, adv.not
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertusdesert
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
suffrāgium, -ī n.vote
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
caput, capitis, n.head
absēns, -entisabsent, away
damnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcondemn
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
percellō, -ere, -culī, -culsusstrike down; dismay, crush
plāga, -ae f.blow, wound; affliction, illness
succumbō, -ere, -cubuī, -cubitumsink under, give way, yield
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
sētius (adv.)less (nihilō sētius: nevertheless)
bellum, -ī, n.war
administrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummanage, carry out
sed, conj.but
exīlis, -ethin, slender, meagre
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
magnitūdō, -tūdinis, f.greatness, size
etsī, conj.even if, although
frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctusbreak; dash to pieces, wreck
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
minuō, -ere, minuī, minūtumlessen, reduce
persequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, pursue
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
omnis, -eall, every
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
abundō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumoverflow; have plenty of, abound in (+ abl.)
saepe, adv.often, frequently
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
vexō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumharass, ravage
umquam, adv.ever
manus, -ūs, f.hand
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
nisi, conj.if not, unless
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
circumeō, -īre, -iī, -itumgo around
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
expediō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfree, set clear; get ready; arrange, settle
castellum, -ī n.fort, redoubt
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātuscall, name
cōnfugiō, -fugere, -fūgīflee for refuge
circumsedeō, -sedēre, -sēdī, -sessussit around, surround; besiege
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
equus, -ī, m.horse
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
perdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusdestroy, ruin; lose, waste
quod, conj.that, in that, because
spatium, -ī, n.space, interval; space of time, time
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
callidus, -a, -umclever, crafty
inventum, -ī n.discovery, invention
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
iūmentum, -ī n.pack animal, beast of burden
concalefīō (concalfīō), -fierī, -factus sumbe thoroughly warmed, get warm
exerceō, -ercēre, -ercuī, -ercitusexercise
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
libenter, adv.willingly, gladly
cibus, -ī, m.food
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
corpus, corporis, n.body
mōtus, -ūs m.motion, movement; uprising
removeō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove back, remove
substringō, -ere, -strīnxī, -strictustie up, bind up; tuck up
lōrum, -ī n.strap; (pl.) reins
altē (adv.)high; deep
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
pēs, pedis, m.foot
plēnē (adv.)fully, completely
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
attingō, -tingere, -tigī, -tāctustouch at
deinde, adv.then, next
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
verber, -eris n.lash, whip; (pl.) a flogging
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
exsultō, -āre, -āvīleap up; exult, revel, run riot
calx, calcis f.heel; calcibus, with kicks
remittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend back; give up, remit
minus, comp. adv.less
sūdor, -ōris m.sweat; toil
excutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussusshake off, shake out
sī, conj.if
dēcurrō, -currere, -cucurrī, -cursusrun down
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
mīrābilis, -ewonderful, marvellous
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
aequē (adv.)equally, just as; aequē ac: just as
nitidus, -a, -umshining, sleek, well-groomed
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
ēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead out, draw
complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj.several, many
mēnsis, -is m.month
obsidiō, -ōnis f.siege, blockade; oppression
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
campester, -tris, -treof the plain, flat, level
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
conclūsiō, -ōnis f.shutting in, blockade
quotiēnscumque (conj.)however often, whenever
volō, velle, voluīwish
apparātus, -ūs m.preparation; display, splendour
mūnītiō, -ōnis f.fortification, defence works
aliās (adv.)at another time (aliās … aliās: sometimes … sometimes)
incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsumset on fire, burn
disiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow apart, scatter
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
quamdiū (adv., conj.)how long; as long as
hiems, hiemis f.winter
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
dīvum, -ī n.the open sky; sub dīvō (sub diō): in the open air
vēr, vēris n.spring
appropinquō, -propinquāre, -propinquāvī, -propinquātusapproach to, approach
simulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpretend
dēditiō, -ōnis f.surrender
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
condiciō, -ōnis f.terms; condition, status
trāctō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushandle, touch, feel
praefectus, -ī m.commander, officer
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
extrahō, -trahere, -trāxī, -trāctusdraw or drag out, release, rescue
incolumis, -eunhurt, safe
Nepos, Eumenes. Latin text: A. Fleckeisen, Cornelii Nepotis Vitae (Teubner, 1886), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.