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Nepos · Alcibiades

Nepos, Alcibiades 10

The death of Alcibiades

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Alc. 10.1Hoc cum mōlīrētur peteretque ā Pharnabazō, ut ad rēgem mitterētur, eōdem tempore Critiās cēterīque tyrannī Athēniēnsium certōs hominēs ad Lȳsandrum in Asiam mīserant, quī eum certiōrem facerent, nisi Alcibiadem sustulisset, nihil eārum rērum fore ratum, quās ipse Athēnīs cōnstituisset: quārē, sī suās rēs gestās manēre vellet, illum persequerētur.While he was working at this and asking Pharnabazus to send him to the king, at the same time Critias and the other tyrants of the Athenians had sent reliable men to Lysander in Asia to inform him that unless he got rid of Alcibiades, none of the arrangements he himself had made at Athens would stand: therefore, if he wanted his achievements to last, he should hunt him down. Alc. 10.2Hīs Lacō rēbus commōtus statuit accūrātius sibi agendum cum Pharnabazō, huic ergō renūntiat quae rēgī cum Lacedaemoniīs convēnissent, nisi Alcibiadem vīvum aut mortuum sibi trādidisset.Stirred by this, the Spartan decided that he must deal more firmly with Pharnabazus; so he declares to him that what had been agreed between the king and the Spartans would be void unless he handed Alcibiades over to him alive or dead.

Alc. 10.3Nōn tulit hoc satrapēs et violāre clēmentiam quam rēgis opēs minuī māluit.The satrap could not hold out against this, and preferred to violate humanity rather than see the king's power diminished. Alc. 10.3Itaque mīsit Susamithrēn et Bagaeum ad Alcibiadem interficiendum, cum ille esset in Phrygiā iterque ad rēgem comparāret.So he sent Susamithres and Bagaeus to kill Alcibiades, while he was in Phrygia and preparing his journey to the king. Alc. 10.4Missī clam vīcīnitātī, in quā tum Alcibiadēs erat, dant negōtium ut eum interficiant.Those sent secretly charge the neighbourhood in which Alcibiades then was with the task of killing him. Alc. 10.4Illī cum ferrō aggredī nōn audērent, noctū ligna contulērunt circā casam eam, in quā quiēscēbat, eaque succendērunt, ut incendiō cōnficerent, quem manū superārī posse diffīdēbant.Since they did not dare to attack him with the sword, by night they piled wood around the cottage in which he was sleeping and set it alight, to destroy by fire one whom they had no confidence of overcoming by force. Alc. 10.5Ille autem ut sonitū flammae est excitātus, etsī gladius eī erat subductus, familiāris suī subālāre tēlum ēripuit.But when he was woken by the sound of the flames, although his sword had been stolen from him, he snatched the dagger that a friend of his carried under his arm.

Alc. 10.5Namque erat cum eō quīdam ex Arcadiā hospes, quī numquam discēdere voluerat.For there was with him a certain guest-friend from Arcadia, who had never been willing to leave him. Alc. 10.5Hunc sequī sē iubet et id quod in praesentiā vestīmentōrum fuit arripit.He orders him to follow, and snatches up whatever clothing was at hand. Alc. 10.5Hīs in ignem coniectīs flammae vim trānsiit.Throwing these onto the fire, he passed through the force of the flames. Alc. 10.6Quem ut barbarī incendium effūgisse vīdērunt, tēlīs ēminus missīs interfēcērunt caputque eius ad Pharnabazum rettulērunt.When the barbarians saw that he had escaped the fire, they killed him with missiles thrown from a distance and took his head back to Pharnabazus. Alc. 10.6At mulier, quae cum eō vīvere cōnsuērat, muliebrī suā veste contēctum aedificiī incendiō mortuum cremāvit, quod ad vīvum interimendum erat comparātum.But the woman who had been living with him covered his body with her own woman's clothing and cremated him in the fire of the building that had been prepared to destroy him alive. Alc. 10.6Sīc Alcibiadēs annōs circiter quadrāgintā nātus diem obiit suprēmum.So Alcibiades met his last day at about forty years of age.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×3, purpose clauses ×2, ablative absolute ×2, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (134 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
mōlior, -īrī, -ītus sumwork at, contrive, plot
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
que, enclitic conj.and
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
rēx, rēgis, m.king
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
tyrannus, -ī m.tyrant, despot
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
homō, hominis, m.man
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
nisi, conj.if not, unless
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
ratus, -a, -umfixed, settled, valid; (reor) having thought
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset together or up; appoint; determine
quārē (adv.)why; for which reason
sī, conj.if
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
volō, velle, voluīwish
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
persequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, pursue
commoveō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove, rouse; disturb
statuō, statuere, statuī, statūtuscause to stand; decide, resolve
accūrātē (adv.)carefully, with care
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
cum, prep, with abl.with
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
renūntiō, -nūntiāre, -nūntiāvī, -nūntiātusbring back word, report, announce
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
mortuus, -a, -umdead
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
nōn, adv.not
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
satrapēs (satrapa), -ae m.satrap, Persian provincial governor
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
violō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusharm, violate
clēmentia, -ae, f.mercy, kindness
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
minuō, -ere, minuī, minūtumlessen, reduce
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
comparō, -parāre, -parāvī, -parātusprepare, collect
clam (adv.)secretly
vīcīnitās, -ātis f.neighborhood; the people living nearby
tum, adv.then, at that time
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
aggredior, -ī, aggressus sumattack
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
noctū, adv.at or by night
lignum, -ī, n.wood
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
circā (adv. and prep. + acc.)around, about
casa, -ae f.hut, cottage
quiēscō, -ere, quiēvī, quiētusrest, keep quiet
succendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle beneath, set on fire
incendium, -ī n.fire, burning
cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out
manus, -ūs, f.hand
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
diffīdō, -ere, -fīsus sumdistrust, lose confidence in (+ dat.)
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
sonitus, -ūs, m.sound, noise
flamma, -ae, f.flame
excitō, -citāre, -citāvī, -citātuscall out, arouse
etsī, conj.even if, although
gladius, -ī, m.sword
subdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductusdraw up, beach
familiāris, -e; as noun, -is m.of the household (rēs familiāris: private property); friend
subālāris, -ecarried under the arm
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
ēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptussnatch out or away, rescue
namque, conj.for
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
hospes, hospitis m.guest; host; guest-friend
numquam, adv.never
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw, depart
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
praesentia, -ae, f.the present
vestīmentum, -ī n.garment, clothing
arripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptusseize, snatch up
ignis, -is, m.fire
coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow together; throw, cast, hurl
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
barbarus, -a, -umbarbarian
effugio, -fugere, -fūgīflee out or away, escape
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
ēminus (adv.)at a distance, from afar
caput, capitis, n.head
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
at, conj.but
mulier, mulieris, f.woman
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
cōnsuēscō, -suēscere, -suēvī, -suētusbecome accustomed; in tenses of completed action, have become accustomed, be accustomed or wont
muliebris, -eof a woman, womanly; (n. pl.) a woman's part
vestis, -is, f.clothing, dress, robe
contegō, -tegere, -tēxī, -tēctuscover
aedificium, -ī n.building
cremō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumburn
interimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptusdo away with, kill
sīc, adv.so, thus
annus, -ī, m.year
circiter, prep. with acc. and adv.about
quadrāgintā (indecl.)forty
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
obeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to meet; attend to, carry out
suprēmus, -a, -umhighest, last
Nepos, Alcibiades. Latin text: A. Fleckeisen, Cornelii Nepotis Vitae (Teubner, 1886), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.