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Cicero · De Senectute

De Senectute 4

The example of Fabius Maximus

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Sen. 4.1Ego Q. Maximum, eum quī Tarentum recēpit, senem adulēscēns ita dīlēxī, ut aequālem.When I was a young man I loved Quintus Maximus, the one who recaptured Tarentum, though he was old, as though he were my own age. Sen. 4.1Erat enim in illō virō cōmitāte condita gravitās, nec senectūs mōrēs mūtāverat.For in that man there was dignity seasoned with courtesy, nor had old age changed his character. Sen. 4.1Quamquam eum colere coepī nōn admodum grandem nātū, sed tamen iam aetāte prōvectum.And yet when I began to attach myself to him he was not very old, but still already advanced in years. Sen. 4.1Annō enim post cōnsul prīmum fuerat quam ego nātus sum, cumque eō quārtum cōnsule adulēscentulus mīles ad Capuam profectus sum quīntōque annō post ad Tarentum.For he had been consul for the first time the year after I was born, and when he was consul for the fourth time I set out with him as a very young soldier for Capua, and in the fifth year after that for Tarentum. Sen. 4.1Quaestor deinde quadrienniō post factus sum, quem magistrātum gessī cōnsulibus Tuditānō et Cethēgō, cum quidem ille admodum senex suāsor lēgis Cinciae dē dōnīs et mūneribus fuit.Then four years later I was made quaestor, an office I held in the consulship of Tuditanus and Cethegus, at the very time when he, a very old man, spoke in favour of the Cincian law on gifts and fees.

Sen. 4.1Hic et bella gerēbat ut adulēscēns, cum plānē grandis esset, et Hannibalem iuvenīliter exsultantem patientiā suā molliēbat;He both waged wars like a young man when he was plainly old, and by his patience wore down Hannibal as he leapt about in youthful exuberance; Sen. 4.1dē quō praeclārē familiāris noster Ennius: " ūnus homō nōbīs cūnctandō restituit rem;of whom our friend Ennius finely says: 'One man by delaying restored our state for us; Sen. 4.1noenum rūmōrēs pōnēbat ante salūtem;he did not set rumours before safety; Sen. 4.1ergō plūsque magisque virī nunc glōria clāret.therefore now the man's glory shines brighter and ever brighter.' Sen. 4.1" Tarentum vērō quā vigilantiā, quō cōnsiliō recēpit!And Tarentum — with what vigilance, with what judgement he recaptured it! Sen. 4.11Cum quidem mē audiente Salinātōrī, quī āmissō oppidō fūgerat in arcem, glōriantī atque ita dīcentī, "meā operā, Q. Fabī, Tarentum recēpistī";Indeed, in my hearing, when Salinator, who had lost the town and fled into the citadel, was boasting and speaking thus, 'It was by my efforts, Quintus Fabius, that you recaptured Tarentum'; Sen. 4.11"certē," inquit rīdēns, "nam nisi tū āmīsissēs, numquam recēpissem."'Certainly,' he said, laughing, 'for if you had not lost it, I should never have recaptured it.' Sen. 4.11Nec vērō in armīs praestantior quam in togā;Nor indeed was he more outstanding in arms than in the toga; Sen. 4.11quī cōnsul iterum, Sp. Carvīliō collēgā quiēscente, C. Flāminiō tribūnō plēbis, quoad potuit, restitit agrum Picentem et Gallicum virītim contrā senātūs auctōritātem dīvidentī;for when consul for the second time, while his colleague Spurius Carvilius kept quiet, he resisted as far as he could Gaius Flaminius, tribune of the plebs, who was dividing the Picene and Gallic land among individuals against the authority of the senate; Sen. 4.11augurque cum esset, dīcere ausus est optimīs auspiciīs ea gerī, quae prō reī pūblicae salūte gererentur;and when he was augur, he dared to say that those things were done under the best auspices which were done for the safety of the state; Sen. 4.11quae contrā rem pūblicam ferrentur, contrā auspicia ferrī.and that those which were proposed against the state were proposed against the auspices.

Sen. 4.12Multa in eō virō praeclāra cognōvī, sed nihil admīrābilius quam quō modō ille mortem fīlī tulit, clārī virī et cōnsulāris.I came to know many outstanding things in that man, but nothing more admirable than the way he bore the death of his son, a distinguished man and a former consul. Sen. 4.12Est in manibus laudātiō, quam cum legimus, quem philosophum nōn contemnimus?His funeral eulogy is in our hands, and when we read it, what philosopher do we not despise? Sen. 4.12Nec vērō ille in lūce modo atque in oculīs cīvium magnus, sed intus domīque praestantior.Nor indeed was he great only in public and before the eyes of the citizens, but more outstanding still within doors and at home. Sen. 4.12Quī sermō, quae praecepta!What conversation, what precepts! Sen. 4.12Quanta nōtitia antīquitātis, scientia iūris augurī!What knowledge of antiquity, what learning in augural law! Sen. 4.12Multae etiam, ut in homine Rōmānō, litterae: omnia memoriā tenēbat nōn domestica sōlum, sed etiam externa bella.He had, too, much literature, for a Roman: he held everything in his memory, not only wars at home but also those abroad. Sen. 4.12Cuius sermōne ita tum cupidē fruēbar, quasi iam dīvīnārem, id quod ēvēnit, illō exstīnctō fore unde discerem nēminem.I enjoyed his conversation so eagerly at that time, as if I already foresaw what came to pass, that when he was gone there would be no one from whom I could learn.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×5, gerunds and gerundives ×1, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (186 words)
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
senex, senis, m.old man
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
dīligō, -ere, -lēxī, -lēctuslove, value highly
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
aequālis, -eequal; of the same age
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
enim, conj.for
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
vir, virī, m.man
cōmitās, -ātis f.courtesy, friendliness
condō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput together, found; store away
gravitās, -ātis f.weight, heaviness; dignity, seriousness
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
senectūs, -tūtis f.old age
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
quamquam, conj.however much, although
colō, colere, coluī, cultustill, cultivate; inhabit; worship
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
nōn, adv.not
admodum (adv.)very, quite
grandis, -elarge, big
nātū (abl. only)by birth (maiōrēs nātū: the elders)
sed, conj.but
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
iam, adv.now, already
aetās, -tātis, f.age
prōvehō, -vehere, -vexī, -vectuscarry forward
annus, -ī, m.year
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
que, enclitic conj.and
quārtum (adv.)for the fourth time
adulēscentulus, -ī m.a very young man
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
quaestor, -ōris m.quaestor, a Roman official in charge of an army's funds
deinde, adv.then, next
quadriennium, -ī n.period of four years
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
suāsor, -ōris m.adviser, one who urges; proposer of a law
lēx, lēgis f.law
Cincius, -ī m.Cincius; L. Cincius Alimentus, Roman historian captured by Hannibal
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
dōnum, -ī, n.gift
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
bellum, -ī, n.war
plānē (adv.)clearly, plainly
iuvenīliter (adv.)like a young man, with youthful vigour
exsultō, -āre, -āvīleap up; exult, revel, run riot
patientia, -ae f.endurance, hardiness
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
molliō, -īre, -īvī, -ītussoften; make (a slope) easier
praeclārē, adv.splendidly, brilliantly, very well
familiāris, -e; as noun, -is m.of the household (rēs familiāris: private property); friend
noster, -tra, -trumour
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
homō, hominis, m.man
nōsplur. of ego
cūnctor, -ārī, -ātus sumdelay, hesitate
restituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset up again, put back, restore
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
noenum (adv.)archaic form of non: not (in Ennius)
rūmor, -ōris m.rumour, report
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
plūs (adv.)more
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
nunc, adv.now
glōria, -ae, f.glory
clāreō, -ērebe bright, shine; be famous
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
vigilantia, -ae f.wakefulness; watchfulness, vigilance
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
oppidum, -ī, n.town
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
arx, arcis f.citadel, stronghold
glōrior, -ārī, -ātus sumboast
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
rīdeō, rīdēre, rīsī, rīsuslaugh
nam, conj.for
nisi, conj.if not, unless
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
numquam, adv.never
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
praestāns, -stantis, adj.preëminent, remarkable
toga, -ae f.toga, the Roman citizen's garment of peace
iterum, adv.again, a second time
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
quiēscō, -ere, quiēvī, quiētusrest, keep quiet
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
quoad (conj.)as long as; until
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
ager, agri, m.field, land
Picēns, -entisof Picenum, district on the Adriatic coast of Italy
Gallicus, -a, -umGallic, of Gaul
virītim (adv.)man by man, to each individually
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
senātus, -ūs m.senate
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
dīvidō, -videre, -vīsī, -vīsusdivide, separate
augur, -uris m.augur, a priest who read the will of the gods from birds and signs
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
bonus, -a, -umgood
auspicium, -ī n.taking of the auspices (reading the will of the gods from birds); omen
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
praeclārus, -clāra, -clārumvery bright; splendid, remarkable, famous
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
admīrābilis, -ewonderful, admirable
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
mors, mortīs, f.death
fīlius, -ī, m.son
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
manus, -ūs, f.hand
laudātiō, -ōnis f.praise; eulogy, funeral speech; character reference
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
philosophus, -ī m.philosopher
contemnō, -ere, -tempsī, -temptusdespise, scorn, think little of
lūx, lūcis, f.light
modo, adv.only
oculus, -ī, m.eye
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
intus (adv.)inside, within
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
praeceptum, -ī n.instruction, order
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
nōtitia, -ae f.knowledge, acquaintance
antīquitās, -ātis f.antiquity, age; long descent
scientia, -ae, f.knowledge, skill
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
augurium, -ī n.augury, the reading of signs from birds; omen
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
litterae, -ārum f. pl.letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch
omnis, -eall, every
memoria, -ae, f.memory
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
domesticus, -a, -umof one's own home, domestic
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
externus, -a, -umoutside, foreign
tum, adv.then, at that time
cupidē (adv.; comp. cupidius)eagerly
fruor, -ī, frūctus sum (+ abl.)enjoy
quasi, conj.as if
dīvīnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusforetell, prophesy, divine; tell fortunes
ēveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome out; turn out, happen, befall
exstinguō, -ere, -stīnxī, -stīnctusput out, extinguish; destroy
unde, adv.whence
discō, discere, didicīlearn
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
Cicero, De Senectute. Latin text: W. A. Falconer, Cicero: De Senectute, De Amicitia, De Divinatione (Loeb, 1923), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.