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Cicero · De Senectute

De Senectute 16

Curius and the old farmer-senators

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Sen. 16.1Possum persequī permulta oblectāmenta rērum rūsticārum, sed ea ipsa quae dīxī sentiō fuisse longiōra.I could go through very many delights of country life, but I feel that even what I have said has been rather long. Sen. 16.1Ignōscētis autem, nam et studiō rērum rūsticārum prōvectus sum, et senectūs est nātūrā loquācior, nē ab omnibus eam vitiīs videar vindicāre.But you will forgive me, for I have been carried away by my love of country life, and old age is by nature rather talkative — so that I may not seem to clear it of every fault. Sen. 16.1Ergō in hāc vītā M'. Curius, cum dē Samnītibus, dē Sabīnīs, dē Pyrrhō triumphāvisset, cōnsūmpsit extrēmum tempus aetātis;Well then, it was in this life that Manius Curius, after he had triumphed over the Samnites, over the Sabines, over Pyrrhus, spent the last period of his life; Sen. 16.1cuius quidem ego vīllam contemplāns, abest enim nōn longē ā mē, admīrārī satis nōn possum vel hominis ipsīus continentiam vel temporum disciplīnam.and when I gaze at his country house — for it is not far from mine — I cannot sufficiently admire either the self-restraint of the man himself or the discipline of the times.

Sen. 16.56Curiō ad focum sedentī magnum aurī pondus Samnītēs cum attulissent, repudiātī sunt;When the Samnites had brought a great weight of gold to Curius as he sat by his hearth, they were rejected; Sen. 16.56nōn enim aurum habēre praeclārum sibi vidērī dīxit, sed eīs quī habērent aurum imperāre.for he said that to have gold did not seem glorious to him, but to rule those who had gold. Sen. 16.56Poteratne tantus animus efficere nōn iūcundam senectūtem?Could so great a spirit fail to make old age pleasant? Sen. 16.56Sed veniō ad agricolās, nē ā mē ipsō recēdam.But I return to the farmers, so as not to stray from my own subject. Sen. 16.56In agrīs erant tum senātōrēs, id est senēs—sī quidem arantī L. Quīnctiō Cincinnātō nūntiātum est eum dictātōrem esse factum, cuius dictātōris iussū magister equitum C. Servīlius Ahāla Sp. Maelium regnum appetentem occupātum interēmit.In those days senators, that is, 'old men', lived in the country — if indeed it was while he was ploughing that Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus was told that he had been made dictator, by whose order as dictator Gaius Servilius Ahala, master of the horse, caught and killed Spurius Maelius as he aimed at kingship.

Sen. 16.56Ā vīllā in senātum arcessēbātur et Curius et cēterī senēs, ex quō quī eōs arcessēbant viātōrēs nōminātī sunt.Curius and the other old men used to be summoned from their country houses to the senate, and from this those who summoned them were named 'wayfarers'. Sen. 16.56Num igitur hōrum senectūs miserābilis fuit, quī sē agrī cultiōne oblectābant?Was the old age of these men, then, pitiable, when they took delight in tilling the soil? Sen. 16.56Meā quidem sententiā haud sciō an nūlla beātior possit esse, neque sōlum officiō, quod hominum generī ūniversō cultūra agrōrum est salūtāris, sed et dēlectātiōne quam dīxī, et saturitāte cōpiāque rērum omnium, quae ad vīctum hominum, ad cultum etiam deōrum pertinent, ut, quoniam haec quīdam dēsīderant, in grātiam iam cum voluptāte redeāmus.In my opinion, indeed, I rather think that none can be happier, and not only for its usefulness, since the cultivation of the fields is beneficial to the whole human race, but also for the delight I have spoken of, and for the plenty and abundance of everything that pertains to the sustenance of men and also to the worship of the gods, so that, since some people long for these things, we may now make our peace with pleasure.

Sen. 16.56Semper enim bonī assiduīque dominī referta cella vīnāria, oleāria, etiam pēnāria est, vīllaque tōta locuplēs est, abundat porcō haedō agnō gallīnā, lacte cāseō melle.For the wine cellar, the oil store and the larder of a good and diligent master are always full, and the whole farmhouse is rich, abounding in pork, kid, lamb, poultry, milk, cheese and honey. Sen. 16.56Iam hortum ipsī agricolae "succīdiam alteram" appellant.Then the garden the farmers themselves call 'a second flitch'. Sen. 16.56Condītiōra facit haec supervacāneīs etiam operis aucupium atque vēnātiō.Fowling and hunting, too, in spare hours give all this extra relish. Sen. 16.57Quid dē prātōrum viriditāte aut arborum ōrdinibus aut vīneārum olīvētōrumve speciē plūra dīcam?Why should I say more of the greenness of meadows or the rows of trees or the beauty of vineyards and olive groves? Sen. 16.57Brevī praecīdam.I will cut it short. Sen. 16.57Agrō bene cultō nihil potest esse nec ūsū ūberius nec speciē ōrnātius, ad quem fruendum nōn modo nōn retardat, vērum etiam invītat atque allectat senectūs.Nothing can be richer in use or more handsome to look at than a well-tilled field, and old age not only does not hinder the enjoyment of it, but even invites and allures us to it.

Sen. 16.57Ubi enim potest illa aetās aut calēscere vel aprīcātiōne melius vel ignī, aut vicissim umbrīs aquīsve refrīgerārī salūbrius?For where can that age better warm itself, either by basking in the sun or by the fire, or in turn cool itself more healthily in shade and water? Sen. 16.57Sibi habeant igitur arma, sibi equōs, sibi hastās, sibi clāvam et pilam, sibi natātiōnēs atque cursūs;Let others, then, keep for themselves their arms, their horses, their spears, their foils and ball, their swimming and running; Sen. 16.58nōbīs senibus ex lūsiōnibus multīs tālōs relinquant et tesserās;to us old men let them leave, out of their many games, the knucklebones and dice; Sen. 16.58id ipsum ut lubēbit, quoniam sine eīs beāta esse senectūs potest.and even that as they please, since old age can be happy without them.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×5, gerunds and gerundives ×1, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (208 words)
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
persequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, pursue
permultus, -a, -umvery many, very much
oblectāmentum, -ī n.delight, amusement, pastime
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
rūsticus, -a, -umrural, of the country
sed, conj.but
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
ignōscō, -ere, ignōvī, ignōtum (+ dat.)pardon, forgive
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
nam, conj.for
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
prōvehō, -vehere, -vexī, -vectuscarry forward
senectūs, -tūtis f.old age
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
loquāx, -ācistalkative, chattering
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
omnis, -eall, every
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
vindicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpunish; claim
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
vīta, -ae, f.life
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
triumphō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscelebrate a triumph; exult
cōnsūmō, -sūmere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake completely, use up, consume, spend
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
aetās, -tātis, f.age
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
vīlla, -ae, f.country-house, villa
contemplor, -ārī, -ātus sumlook at closely, gaze at, contemplate
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
enim, conj.for
nōn, adv.not
longē, adv.far
admīror, -mīrārī, -mīrātuswonder at, admire
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
velor; vel … vel: either … or
homō, hominis, m.man
continentia, -ae f.self-restraint, self-control
disciplīna, -ae f.training, discipline
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
focus, -ī m.hearth, fireplace; (fig.) home
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
aurum, -ī, n.gold
pondus, ponderis, n.weight
adferō, adferre, attulī, adlātusbear to, bring
repudiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumreject, refuse
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
praeclārus, -clāra, -clārumvery bright; splendid, remarkable, famous
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or work out, accomplish, effect
iūcundus, -a, -umsweet, pleasant
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
agricola, -ae m.farmer, tiller of the soil
recēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo back, withdraw, retire
ager, agri, m.field, land
tum, adv.then, at that time
senātor, -ōris m.senator, elder
senex, senis, m.old man
sī, conj.if
arō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplow
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
iussus, -ūs, m.bidding, command
magister, -trī, m.master
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
regnum, -ī, n.royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm
appetō, -petere, -petīvī, -petītusdraw near
occupō, -cupāre, -cupāvī, -cupātusseize; fill
interimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptusdo away with, kill
senātus, -ūs m.senate
arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītuscall, summon, fetch
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
viātor, -tōris, m.wayfarer, traveler
nōminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumname, mention
num, adv., introducing a question to which a negative answer is expecteduntranslatable
igitur, conj.therefore
miserābilis, -epitiable, wretched
cultiō, -ōnis f.cultivation; agri cultio: farming
oblectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdelight, amuse, entertain
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
an, conj.or (in questions)
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
beātus, -a, -umhappy, blessed
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
officium, -ī, n.service; duty
quod, conj.that, in that, because
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
ūniversus, -a, -umall together, whole, entire, all
cultūra, -ae f.cultivation (agrī cultūra: farming)
salūtāris, -ehealthful, beneficial, bringing safety
dēlectātiō, -ōnis f.delight, pleasure, enjoyment
saturitās, -ātis f.fullness, plenty, one's fill
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
que, enclitic conj.and
vīctus, -ūs, m.sustenance, food
cultus, -ūs m.way of life; civilization, refinement
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
deus, -ī, m.god
pertineō, -ēre, -uīextend, reach; tend toward, concern
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
quoniam, conj.since now, since
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
dēsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslong for, miss; require
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
iam, adv.now, already
cum, prep, with abl.with
voluptās, -tātis, f.pleasure
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
semper, adv.always
bonus, -a, -umgood
assiduus, -a, -umconstant, unremitting
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
refertus, -a, -umcrammed, stuffed, filled (with: abl.)
vīnārius, -a, -umof wine; cella vinaria: wine cellar
oleārius, -a, -umof oil; cella olearia: oil store
pēnārius, -a, -umof provisions; cella penaria: storeroom, pantry
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
locuplēs, -ētisrich, wealthy
abundō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumoverflow; have plenty of, abound in (+ abl.)
porcus, -ī, m.pig, hog, swine
haedus, -ī m.young goat, kid
agnus, -ī m.lamb
gallīna, -ae f.hen
lāc, lactis, n.milk
cāseus, -ī m.cheese
mel, mellis n.honey
hortus, -ī, m.garden
succīdia, -ae f.flitch of bacon, side of salted meat; reserve larder
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātuscall, name
condītus, -a, -umseasoned, savoury; made more agreeable
supervacāneus, -a, -umsuperfluous, unnecessary
opus, operis, n.work, task
aucupium, -ī n.bird-catching, fowling
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
vēnātiō, -ōnis, f.hunting
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
prātum, -ī n.meadow
viriditās, -ātis f.greenness; freshness, vigour
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
arbor, -oris, f.tree
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
vīnea, -ae f.shed (a movable shelter for besiegers)
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
brevis, -eshort
praecīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut off
bene, adv.well; successfully
colō, colere, coluī, cultustill, cultivate; inhabit; worship
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
ūber, -eris n.teat, breast
ōrnātus, -a, -umequipped, fitted out
fruor, -ī, frūctus sum (+ abl.)enjoy
modo, adv.only
retardō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushold back, slow down, check
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
invītō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusinvite
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
calēscō, -ere, caluīgrow warm, become hot; glow with love
aprīcātiō, -ōnis f.basking in the sun
ignis, -is, m.fire
vicissim (adv.)in turn
umbra, -ae, f.shadow, shade
aqua, -ae, f.water
refrīgerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscool, refresh
salūbriter (adv.)healthily; beneficially, usefully
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
equus, -ī, m.horse
hasta, -ae f.spear
clāva, -ae, f.club
pila, -ae f.a pillar; pila Horātia: the Horatian pillar in the Forum
natātiō, -ōnis f.swimming
cursus, -ūs, m.running, speed; course, route, voyage; race
nōsplur. of ego
lūsiō, -ōnis f.play, game
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
tālus, -ī m.ankle
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
tessera, -ae f.a token; the tablet carrying the watchword; the watchword
lubet (libet), -ēre, lubuit or lubitum estit pleases; ut lubebit: as one likes
sine, prep. with abl.without
Cicero, De Senectute. Latin text: W. A. Falconer, Cicero: De Senectute, De Amicitia, De Divinatione (Loeb, 1923), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.