| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| iam, adv. | now, already |
| mūrus, -ī, m. | wall |
| turris, -is f. | tower; siege tower |
| appropinquō, -propinquāre, -propinquāvī, -propinquātus | approach to, approach |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| captīvus, -a, -um | captive |
| cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus | find out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know |
| cōnsūmō, -sūmere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptus | take completely, use up, consume, spend |
| pābulum, -ī, n. | food, fodder |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtus | move |
| prope (adv. and prep. + acc.) | near, nearly |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| equitātus, -ūs m. | cavalry |
| expedītus, -a, -um | unobstructed, easy; lightly equipped |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| inter, prep, with acc. | among, between |
| eques, equitis m. | horseman; (pl.) cavalry |
| proelior, -ārī, -ātus sum | fight a battle |
| cōnsuēscō, -suēscere, -suēvī, -suētus | become accustomed; in tenses of completed action, have become accustomed, be accustomed or wont |
| īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur. | ambush; plot, stratagem |
| causa, -ae, f. | cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of |
| eō (adv.) | to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more) |
| proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sum | set out, depart, march |
| quō, adv. | to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long? |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| posterus, -a, -um | following, next |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| pābulor, -ārī, -ātus sum | gather fodder, forage |
| veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus | come |
| arbitror, -ārī, -ātus | consider, think, judge |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| medius, -a, -um | mid, middle |
| nox, noctis, f. | night |
| silentium, -ī n. | silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| māne, adv. | in the morning, early in the morning |
| perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come through, come, arrive, reach |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| celeriter, adv. | swiftly, quickly |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| explōrātor, -ōris, m. | explorer, scout, spy |
| adventus, -ūs, m. | approach, arrival |
| carrus, -ī m. | wagon, cart |
| impedīmentum, -ī n. | hindrance; (pl.) baggage |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| artus, -a, -um | close, tight; dense, thick |
| silva, -ae, f. | wood, forest |
| abdō, -dere, -didī, -ditus | put away, hide |
| cōpia, -ae, f. | supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| ēditus, -a, -um | raised, high |
| apertus, -a, -um | open |
| īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctus | build in or into; draw up; equip, furnish, |
| nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | report, announce |
| sarcina, -ae f. | pack; (pl.) soldiers' kit |
| cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātus | bring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way |
| arma, -ōrum, n. plur. | arms, weapons |
| expediō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | free, set clear; get ready; arrange, settle |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus | bid, order, command |