| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| aeger, -gra, -grum | sick, ill; as noun, a sick man |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| praesidium, -ī, n. | protection; guard, escort |
| relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictus | leave behind, leave |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| prīmus, -a, -um | first, foremost |
| pīlus, -ī m. | maniple of veterans (prīmus pīlus: the chief centurion) |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus | lead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry |
| mentiō, -ōnis, f. | mention |
| superior, -ius, adj. | higher; former, previous, preceding |
| proelium, -ī, n. | battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| iam, adv. | now, already |
| quīntus, -a, -um | fifth |
| cibus, -ī, m. | food |
| careō, -ēre, -uī | be without, lack (+ abl.) |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| diffīdō, -ere, -fīsus sum | distrust, lose confidence in (+ dat.) |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| salūs, salūtis, f. | safety, deliverance, escape |
| inermis, -e | unarmed |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| tabernāculum, -ī n. | tent |
| prōdeō, -īre, prōdiī, prōditum | go forward, come out |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| immineō, -ēre | hang over; threaten, be close at hand |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| summus, -a, -um | uppermost, highest, greatest |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| discrīmen, -crīminis, n. | crisis, peril, danger |
| capiō, capere, cēpī, captus | take, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt |
| arma, -ōrum, n. plur. | arms, weapons |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| proximus, -a, -um | nearest, next |
| porta, -ae, f. | gate; door |
| cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitus | station oneself, take one's stand; consist |
| cōnsequor, -sequī, -secūtus | follow up, follow; overtake |
| centuriō, -ōnis m. | centurion (officer commanding about 80 men) |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| cohors, cohortis f. | cohort (a tenth of a legion); company |
| statiō, -ōnis f. | outpost, picket |
| paulisper (adv.) | for a short time |
| ūnā | together, along |
| sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus | hold or bear up, sustain, withstand |
| animus, -ī, m. | mind; heart; spirit, courage |
| gravis, -e | heavy; severe, grievous, serious |
| accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer |
| vulnus, vulneris, n. | wound |
| aegrē, adv. | ill, with difficulty |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| manus, -ūs, f. | hand |
| trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctus | draw, drag |
| servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | save, preserve |
| spatium, -ī, n. | space, interval; space of time, time |
| interpōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum | put between; bring forward (an excuse) |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| cōnfirmō, -firmāre, -firmāvī, -firmātus | strengthen, establish; declare, assert |
| tantum, adv. | so much or far, only |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| mūnītiō, -ōnis f. | fortification, defence works |
| audeō, audēre, ausus sum | dare |
| speciēs, -ēī, f. | sight, appearance, shape |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| dēfēnsor, -ōris m. | defender |
| praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | hold forth, supply, furnish, give; show, present, exhibit |