| eques, equitis m. | horseman; (pl.) cavalry |
| praefectus, -ī m. | commander, officer |
| cohortor, -hortārī, -hortātus | encourage, exhort |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| praemium, -ī, n. | reward |
| pollicitātiō, -ōnis f. | promise |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| excitō, -citāre, -citāvī, -citātus | call out, arouse |
| quis, quid, interrog. pron. | who? which? what? |
| fīō, fierī, factus sum | be done or made, become, happen |
| volō, velle, voluī | wish |
| ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch out before, show, explain |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātus | command, order, enjoin |
| ēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead out, draw |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| cohors, cohortis f. | cohort (a tenth of a legion); company |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| praesidium, -ī, n. | protection; guard, escort |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictus | leave behind, leave |
| intrītus, -a, -um | unworn, fresh |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| labor, -ōris, m. | labor, toil |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| longus, -a, -um | long; tedious |
| iter, itineris, n. | a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march |
| circumdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductum | lead around, draw around |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| cōnspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectus | behold, perceive, see |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| oculus, -ī, m. | eye |
| mēns, mentis f. | mind, spirit |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| pugna, -ae, f. | fighting, battle, combat |
| intendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch out; stretch, draw, aim |
| celeriter, adv. | swiftly, quickly |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| mūnītiō, -ōnis f. | fortification, defence works |
| perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come through, come, arrive, reach |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| prōruō, -ere, -ruī, -rutum | throw down, demolish |
| prius, adv. | before, first |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitus | station oneself, take one's stand; consist |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| plānē (adv.) | clearly, plainly |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus | carry, wear; carry on, do |
| cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus | find out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know |
| tum, adv. | then, at that time |
| vērō, adv. | in truth, indeed; however |
| clāmor, -ōris, m. | shout, cry |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | hear; listen or attend to |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| redintegrō, -integrāre, -integrāvī, -integrātus | make whole again, renew |
| vīs, vīs, f. | violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main |
| plērumque (adv.) | generally, mostly |
| spēs, speī, f. | hope |
| victōria, -ae, f. | victory |
| accidō, -cidere, -cidī | fall to or upon; befall, happen |
| cōnsuēscō, -suēscere, -suēvī, -suētus | become accustomed; in tenses of completed action, have become accustomed, be accustomed or wont |
| ācriter, adv. | sharply, fiercely |
| impugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | attack |
| coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action) | have begun, began |
| undique, adv. | from or on all sides |
| circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum | surround |
| dēspērō, -spērāre, -spērāvī, -spērātus | despair |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| dēiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus | throw down, cast, drive out of one's course |
| fuga, -ae, f. | flight |
| salūs, salūtis, f. | safety, deliverance, escape |
| petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītus | seek, ask; attack |
| contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch, hasten |
| equitātus, -ūs m. | cavalry |
| apertus, -a, -um | open |
| campus, -ī, m. | plain, field |
| cōnsector, -ārī, -ātus sum | pursue, chase |
| mīlle, indecl. adj. | a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands; |
| Roman numeral | a number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000 |
| numerus, -ī, m. | number |
| conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come together, assemble |
| cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrus | stand together, agree; consist; |
| vix, adv. | with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely |
| quartus, -a, -um | fourth |
| multus, -a, -um | much, great; plur., many |
| nox, noctis, f. | night |
| recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover |